A Spatial Mechanism With Higher Pairs for Modelling the Human Knee Joint

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Di Gregorio ◽  
Vincenzo Parenti-Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Spatial Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Scalar Equations

By generalizing a previous model proposed in the literature, a new spatial kinematic model of the knee joint passive motion is presented. The model is based on an equivalent spatial parallel mechanism which relies upon the assumption that fibers within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) can be considered as isometric during the knee flexion in passive motion (virtually unloaded motion). The articular surfaces of femoral and tibial condyles are modelled as 3-D surfaces of general shapes. In particular, the paper presents the closure equations of the new mechanism both for surfaces represented by means of scalar equations that have the Cartesian coordinates of the points of the surface as variables and for surfaces represented in parametric form. An example of simulation is presented in the case both femoral condyles are modelled as ellipsoidal surfaces and tibial condyles as spherical surfaces. The results of the simulation are compared to those of the previous models and to measurements. The comparison confirms the expectation that a better approximation of the tibiofemoral condyle surfaces leads to a more accurate model of the knee passive motion.

Studying the Intact, ACL-Deficient and Reconstructed Human Knee Joint Using a Finite Element Model

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achilles Vairis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
George Stefanoudakis ◽  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Betina Kandyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Calculated Load ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The human knee joint has a three dimensional geometry with multiple body articulations that produce complex mechanical responses under loads that occur in everyday life and sports activities. Knowledge of the complex mechanical interactions of these load bearing structures is of help when the treatment of relevant diseases is evaluated and assisting devices are designed. The anterior cruciate ligament in the knee connects the femur to the tibia and is often torn during a sudden twisting motion, resulting in knee instability. The objective of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of the human knee joint in typical everyday activities and evaluate the differences in its response for three different states, intact, injured and reconstructed knee. Three equivalent finite element models were developed. For the reconstructed model a novel repair device developed and patented by the authors was employed. For the verification of the developed models, static load cases presented in a previous modeling work were used. Mechanical stresses calculated for the load cases studied, were very close to results presented in previous experimentally verified work, in both load distribution and maximum calculated load values.

scholarly journals Anterior cruciate ligament changes in the human knee joint in aging and osteoarthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Hasegawa ◽  
Shuhei Otsuki ◽  
Chantal Pauli ◽  
Shigeru Miyaki ◽  
Shantanu Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Magnetic Resonance Image Based Computational Modeling for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Response at Low Knee Flexion Angle

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariful I. Bhuiyan ◽  
Nabila Shamim ◽  
Stephen Ekwaro-Osire
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) human knee joint model developed from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) has been validated with the sets of experimental results in a normalized scale. The performance of the 3D FE knee joint model has been tested, simulating a physical experiment. The experiment provided the direct measurement of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strains due to the forces of quadriceps muscle force (QMF) followed by ground reaction force (GRF) at low knee flexion. Accurate and precise anatomy has been obtained from segmented MRI images. The ACL strain subject to the loading was calculated and analyzed compared with the measured data from the experimental tests. The study shows that the pre-activated ACL strain, which is measured before the application of GRF, increased nonlinearly with increasing QMF before landing. However, the total ACL strain, which is measured after both QMF and GRF applied, reaches out to the limited constant value (6%) instead of crossing the ACL failure value. These results suggest that the forces generated from QMF and GRF at low flexion may not bring ACL to a failure level as presented in the experimental tests. The results of the FE model fall into the standard deviations of the 22 cadaveric knees testing results, which represents the successful mechanical modeling of ACL and the surrounding structures of the human knee joint. The model may further be used to investigate the risks of the ACL injury.

scholarly journals Human knee joint sound during the Lachman test: Comparison between healthy and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Tanaka ◽  
Munehiro Ogawa ◽  
Yusuke Inagaki ◽  
Yasuhito Tanaka ◽  
Hitoshi Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Lachman Test ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient

Quantitative assessment of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: Applied load versus applied displacement

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
P N Grimshaw ◽  
P Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Applied Displacement ◽  
Cent Decrease

The Salford static knee instrument (SSKI) was developed to determine the quantitative assessment of the human knee joint in vivo by utilizing the technique of applied displacement and measurement of resistive load as proposed by Butler et al. (1). The instrument was used in parallel with the device developed by Al-Turaiki (2) which utilized the opposite method of assessment. The objective of the research was to examine which of the two techniques provided the more reliable and accurate method of knee assessment. Fourteen patients with suspected isolated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were subjected to anterior-posterior drawer testing on both devices. The results showed that each instrument produced results which confirmed the clinical diagnosis by indicating a significant decrease in anterior stiffness when comparing the injured and uninjured knees. [SSKI device ( p = 0.000) and Al-Turaiki (2) device ( p = 0.002) statistical significant difference testing with Bonferonni Alpha correction p = 0.0125]. The results showed the Salford static knee instrument indicated a 58 per cent decrease in anterior stiffness and the Al-Turaiki (2) device a 35 per cent decrease when comparing the injured and uninjured knees. In conclusion it is suggested that the application of displacement and measurement of load as proposed by Butler et al. (1) may be the most appropriate technique for precise clinical diagnosis of pathological human knee joint instability. load, displacement, knee, anterior, stiffness

scholarly journals Displacement Analysis of the Human Knee Joint Based on the Spatial Kinematic Model by Using Vector Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
Marta Góra-Maniowska ◽  
Józef Knapczyk
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Spatial Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Position Problem

AbstractKinematic model of the human knee joint, considered as one-degree-of-freedom spatial parallel mechanism, is used to analyse the spatial displacement of the femur with respect to the tibia. The articular surfaces of femoral and tibia condyles are modelled, based on selected references, as spherical and planar surfaces. The condyles are contacted in two points and are guided by three ligaments modelled as binary links with constant lengths. In particular, the mechanism position problem is solved by using the vector method. The obtained kinematic characteristics are adequate to the experimental results presented in the literature. Additionally, the screw displacements of relative motion in the knee joint model are determined.

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