Discussion: “The Effect of Vacuum Arc Remelting of Airmelt Electrodes on the Structure and Elevated Temperature Properties of a Nickel-Base Gas Turbine Superalloy” (Richmond, F. M., 1967, ASME J. Eng. Power, 89, pp. 67–73)

Vacuum arc remelting of electrodes prepared by the vacuum induction melting process is currently being used to provide high integrity forging billet stock of complex nickel-base superalloys. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of vacuum arc remelting of airmelt electrodes on the structure and properties of a popular nickel-base gas turbine superalloy—M-252. A secondary purpose was to study the effect of solution temperature on carbide banding, grain size, and properties of the resulting material. The results indicate that the use of airmelt electrodes is feasible for this particular alloy and probably for other gas turbine superalloys of a similar chemistry. The effects of forging temperature on carbide solution and grain growth are similar to those previously noted in vacuum induction melted product. A differential grain size effect, apparently related to the straightening operation used to produce the bar stock, was found to have a significant effect on the rupture and elevated temperature tensile properties.

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UDIMET 700

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0051 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbines ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Vacuum Arc ◽

Vacuum Induction Melting ◽

Induction Melting ◽

Nickel Base Alloy ◽

Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Nickel Base

Abstract UDIMET 700 is a wrought nickel-base alloy produced by vacuum-induction melting and further refined by vacuum-arc remelting. It has excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures. Among its applications are blades for aircraft, marine and land-based gas turbines and rotor discs. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-51. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation. Originally published March 1959, revised January 1987.

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UDIMET 90

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0174 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Vacuum Arc ◽

Vacuum Induction Melting ◽

Induction Melting ◽

Nickel Base Alloy ◽

Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Nickel Base

Abstract UDIMET 90 is a nickel-base alloy developed for elevated-temperature service. It is produced by vacuum induction melting and vacuum arc remelting techniques to develop optimum properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-174. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation.

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Beta Fleck formation in Titanium Alloys

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032110001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 321 ◽

pp. 10001

Author(s):

K. Kelkar ◽

A Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloys ◽

Formation Mechanism ◽

Defect Formation ◽

Melting Rate ◽

Vacuum Arc ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

Alloy Development ◽

Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽

Freckle Formation ◽

Nickel Base

Beta fleck is a troublesome segregation defect in many titanium alloys. It has previously been investigated by several authors and appears to have two formation mechanisms, one similar to that of “freckle” in steels and nickel-base alloys, the other arising in the “crystal rain” effect seen in conventional steel ingots. The freckle defect has been extensively studied and several theories developed to account for its formation in both remelted ingots and directional castings. In this work we compare the findings of investigations into the nickel-base freckle formation mechanism to similar conditions in the vacuum arc remelting of titanium alloys. We find that there are strong similarities between the beta fleck formation conditions and the parameters related to the Rayleigh Number criterion for freckle formation. In particular, the dendritic solidification parameters and the density dependence on segregation coefficients both fit well with the conditions proposed to characterise freckle formation. The second formation mechanism arises in the columnar to equiax transition in solidification. The condition for the avoidance of the defect in the two cases is the shown to be the same, namely the use of a very low VAR melting rate, but that it is unlikely to be 100% successful in preventing defect formation. We propose that the techniques presently in use for alloy development in the superalloy field through optimising the composition for minimum sensitivity to freckle formation should be applied to the formulation of future titanium alloys; also that attention should be paid to developing the PAM process to provide suitable solidification conditions for defect absence in a final ingot.

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CARPENTER WASPALOY

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0328 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Vacuum Arc ◽

Nickel Base Alloy ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Nickel Base

Abstract CARPENTER WASPALOY is a precipitation-hardening nickel-base alloy designed for use at elevated temperatures. It is used for gas turbine engine parts requiring considerable strength and corrosion resistance up to 1600 F. The alloy is usually vacuum-induction melted or vacuum induction plus vacuum-arc remelted. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-328. Producer or source: Carpenter.

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UDIMET 41

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0092 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Nickel Base Alloy ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract UDIMET 41 is a vacuum induction melted precipitation hardening nickel-base alloy having outstanding room and elevated temperature properties. It possesses excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. It is designed for highly stressed components operating in the 1400-1700 deg F temperature range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-92. Producer or source: Special Metals Inc..

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CM-R 411

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0127 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

High Temperature ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

Base Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Nickel Base Alloy ◽

Jet Engine ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Nickel Base

Abstract CM-R41 is a vacuum-melted, precipitation hardening nickel-base alloy possessing outstanding properties in the temperature range of 1200 F to 1800 F. It is recommended for jet engine and gas turbine components operating at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-127. Producer or source: Cannon-Muskegon Corporation.

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