The Use of Hot-Wire Anemometry to Investigate Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary-Layer Development on a High Lift LP Turbine Cascade

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wolff ◽  
Stefan Brunner ◽  
Leonhard Fottner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development

Recent research has revealed positive effects of unsteady flow on the development of boundary layers in turbine cascades, especially at conditions with a laminar suction side separation bubble at low Reynolds-numbers. Compared to steady flow a reduction of total pressure loss coefficient over a broad range of Reynolds-numbers has been shown. Taking into account the positive effects of wake-induced transition already during the design process, new high lift bladings with nearly the same low losses at unsteady inlet flow conditions could be achieved. This leads to a reduction of weight and cost of the whole turbine module for a constant stage loading. Unsteady flow in turbomachines is caused by the relative motion of rotor and stator rows. For simulating a moving blade row upstream of a linear cascade in the High Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel of the Universität der Bundeswehr München, a wake generator has been designed and built. The wakes are generated with bars, moving with a velocity of up to 40 m/s in the test section upstream of the cascade inlet plane. Unsteady flow causes the transition on the surface of the suction side of a low pressure turbine blade to move upstream whenever an incoming wake is present on the surface, moreover a laminar separation bubble can be diminished or even suppressed. In order to detect the effects of wakes on the boundary layer development a new hot-wire data acquisition system is required. Due to the fact that hot-wires give a good insight into boundary layer development a new hot-wire data acquisition system has been set up. The anemometry system is able of acquiring four channels simultaneously, therefore being capable of logging a triple hot-wire sensor and a bar trigger simultaneously. One further channel is utilised for a once-per revolution trigger. The once-per revolution trigger is used to start the measurement of one data block. Using the well established ensemble averaging technique, 300 ensembles each consisting of 5 wake passing periods have been acquired. Ensemble averaging can be directly performed without any data reduction. The adaptation of this new hot-wire anemometry data acquisition system to the High Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel of the Universität der Bundeswehr München is pointed out. First results on unsteady periodic boundary layer development of a highly loaded low pressure turbine cascade under unsteady inlet flow conditions are presented. During the present investigation four boundary layer traverses, ranging from x/lax = 0.82 to x/lax = 0.99 (suction side), at steady and unsteady inlet flow conditions (Ubar = 10 m/s) at an outlet Reynolds-number of Re2th = 100000 have been conducted.

The Use of Hot-Wire Anemometry to Investigate Unsteady Wake-Induced Boundary-Layer Development on a High-Lift LP Turbine Cascade

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wolff ◽  
Stefan Brunner ◽  
Leonhard Fottner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development

Recent research has revealed positive effects of unsteady flow on the development of boundary layers in turbine cascades, especially at conditions with a laminar suction side separation bubble at low Reynolds numbers. Compared to steady flow, a reduction of total pressure loss coefficient over a broad range of Reynolds numbers has been shown. Taking into account the positive effects of wake-induced transition already during the design process, new high lift bladings with nearly the same low losses at unsteady inlet flow conditions could be achieved. This leads to a reduction of weight and cost of the whole turbine module for a constant stage loading. Unsteady flow in turbomachines is caused by the relative motion of rotor and stator rows. For simulating a moving blade row upstream of a linear cascade in the High-Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel of the Universita¨t der Bundeswehr Mu¨nchen, a wake generator has been designed and built. The wakes are generated with bars, moving with a velocity of up to 40 m/s in the test section upstream of the cascade inlet plane. Unsteady flow causes the transition on the surface of the suction side of a low-pressure turbine blade to move upstream whenever an incoming wake is present on the surface; moreover, a laminar separation bubble can be diminished or even suppressed. In order to detect the effects of wakes on the boundary layer development a new hot wire data acquisition system is required. Due to the fact that hot wires give a good insight into boundary layer development, a new hot-wire data acquisition system has been set up. The anemometry system can acquire four channels simultaneously, therefore being capable of logging a triple hot-wire sensor and a bar trigger simultaneously. One further channel is utilized for a once-per-revolution trigger. The once-per-revolution trigger is used to start the measurement of one data block. Using the well-established ensemble-averaging technique, 300 ensembles each consisting of five wake passing periods have been acquired. Ensemble averaging can be directly performed without any data reduction. The adaptation of this new hot-wire anemometry data acquisition system to the High-Speed Cascade Wind Tunnel of the Universita¨t der Bundeswehr Mu¨nchen is pointed out. First, results on unsteady periodic boundary layer development of a highly loaded low-pressure turbine cascade under unsteady inlet flow conditions are presented. During the present investigation four boundary layer traverses, ranging from x/lax=0.82 to x/lax=0.99 (suction side), at steady and unsteady inlet flow conditions Ubar=10 m/s at an outlet Reynolds number of Re2th=100,000 have been conducted. [S0889-504X(00)00204-X]

Investigation of the Effect of Inlet Turbulence on Transitional Wall-Bounded Flows

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Ahmet Tuna ◽  
Xianguo Li ◽  
Serhiy Yarusevych
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Entrance Length ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development

The present work investigates experimentally the effects of grid-generated turbulence on the transition and the hydrodynamic entrance length in a developing duct flow. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and hot-wire anemometry are used to characterize the flow in a rectangular duct with a length of 1m (∼40Dh) and an aspect ratio of 2 (20mm × 40mm). The inlet turbulence intensity is controlled using different grids, and experiments are performed for a Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter ReDh = 17,750. Hot-wire and PIV results show that the inlet turbulence intensity has a substantial effect on the flow evolution in the duct, as it substantially changes the boundary layer characteristics in the hydrodynamic entrance region. Analysis shows that, as expected, transition to turbulence advances upstream as the inlet turbulence intensity increases, leading to the decrease in the entrance length. The primary effect is confined to boundary layer development, as the turbulence intensity decays rapidly in the core flow, becoming independent of the initial conditions after about 10 hydraulic diameter (Dh) downstream from the grid. Thus, the analysis is focused on characterizing the boundary layer development and quantifying the associated changes in the flow development along the duct.

Shock-boundary layer interaction and transition modelling in turbomachinery flows

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Michelassi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development

The transonic turbulent compressible flow in channels and turbine linear cascades is computed by using a Navier-Stokes solver. Turbulence effects are simulated by means of the k-ω turbulence model. A realiability constraint is introduced to improve the turbulence model performances and stability in the presence of stagnation points. In both the flow over the bump and the turbine blade, the shock induces a flow separation that affects the boundary layer development. In both cases the proposed model succeeds in predicting the flow separation. For the flow over the turbine blade a simple transition model based on integral parameters is introduced to mimic the effect of the boundary layer transition across the shock wave on the suction side. Relaminarization is also properly predicted on the pressure side, thereby allowing a good description of the boundary layer development and shock pattern.

Detailed Boundary Layer Measurements on a Turbine Stator Vane at Elevated Freestream Turbulence Levels

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Radomsky ◽  
K. A. Thole
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Freestream Turbulence ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Turbine Stator ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Large Velocity ◽  
Stator Vane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Layer Development

High freestream turbulence levels have been shown to greatly augment the heat transfer on a gas turbine airfoil. To better understand these effects, this study has examined the effects elevated freestream turbulence levels have on the boundary layer development along a stator vane airfoil. Low freestream turbulence measurements (0.6 percent) were performed as a baseline for comparison to measurements at combustor simulated turbulence levels (19.5 percent). A two-component LDV system was used for detailed boundary layer measurements of both the mean and fluctuating velocities on the pressure and suction surfaces. Although the mean velocity profiles appeared to be more consistent with laminar profiles, large velocity fluctuations were measured in the boundary layer along the pressure side at the high freestream turbulence conditions. Along the suction side, transition occurred further upstream due to freestream turbulence.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Loss Behaviour, Aerodynamic Loading and Boundary Layer Development of a Low-Pressure Gas Turbine Airfoil

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Montis ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis ◽  
Andreas Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Wire Probe ◽  
Aerodynamic Loading ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Aerodynamic measurements on the linear low-pressure turbine cascade T106C were conducted in a high speed test facility, in order to investigate the effect of surface roughness on loss behaviour, aerodynamic loading, and boundary layer development. Three different roughnesses were investigated, with a ratio of the center line average roughness to the profile chord of 0.8·10−5, 5·10−5 and 25·10−5. Tests were carried out under design outlet Mach number (Ma2th = 0.6), outlet Reynolds number ranging from Re2th = 5·104 to Re2th = 7·105 and inlet turbulence level Tu1 = 3% and Tu1 = 6%. The flow field downstream of the cascade and the loading distribution on the profiles were measured for each investigated operating point using five hole probes and surface static pressure taps. Additional measurements with a hot-wire probe in the suction surface (SS) boundary layer were also conducted, in order to investigate the differences in boundary layer development due to surface roughness. From loss and blade loading measurements it was found that roughness has no influence on the pressure distribution on the profile, although the highest investigated roughness produces a significant loss reduction at low Reynolds numbers. Hot-wire probe surveys show that at Re2th = 9·104 the boundary layer for the highest roughness immediately upstream of the flow separation point on the SS is substantially thinner than for the middle roughness and the smooth profile.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Boundary Layer Transition and Turbulence Structures on a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Wunderwald ◽  
Leonhard Fottner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Boundary Layer Transition ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence

Detailed measurements have been performed on a compressor cascade in order to obtain information about the overall performance, the state of the boundary layer, and the topology of turbulent boundary layers. The analysis of profile pressure distributions and wake traverse measurements across the midspan section of the cascade blade provide information on the loss behaviour. Using surface-mounted hot-film gauges on the suction side of the measuring blade different transition phenomena have been investigated under the influence of various inlet flow conditions representative of engine operation. Extensive measurements with 3D-hot-sensor anemometry have been evaluated to show essential features of the turbulent boundary layer. The results point out the dependence of turbulence characteristics, e.g. turbulent kinetic energy distribution and Reynolds stresses, on the inlet flow conditions and the upstream boundary layer development. The influence of free-stream turbulence intensity is discussed and the non-isotropy of the Reynolds normal stresses is presented.

Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Structures in the Boundary Layer of a Highly Loaded Turbine Cascade

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Wunderwald ◽  
Leonhard Fottner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Turbine Cascade ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Free Stream Turbulence ◽  
Turbulence Structures ◽  
Transition Modes

An experimental study has been performed on a turbine cascade in order to obtain detailed information about the overall performance, the state of the boundary layer, and the topology of turbulent boundary layers. The analysis of profile pressure distributions and wake traverse measurements across the midspan section of the cascade blade provide information on the loss behaviour. Using surface-mounted hol-film gauges on the suction side of the measuring blade, transition modes have been investigated under the influence of various inlet flow conditions representative of engine operation. Extensive measurements with 3D-hot-sensor anemometry have been evaluated to show essential features of the turbulent suction side boundary layer. The paper describes the dependence of turbulence characteristics, e.g. integral length scales and turbulent kinetic energy distribution, on the inlet flow conditions and the upstream boundary layer development. The influence of free-stream turbulence intensity and streamline curvature is discussed and the non-isotropy of the Reynolds normal stresses is presented. The evaluation of Reynolds stresses as well as triple order correlations should provide a further insight into the structure of turbulence and lead to a more realistic turbulence modelling.

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