Smoke Characteristics of Distillate and Residual Fuel Burning in Gas Turbine Combustors

Volume 1A: General ◽

10.1115/80-gt-13 ◽

1980 ◽

Author(s):

T. M. Liu ◽

R. M. Washam

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Appreciable Amount ◽

High Concentration ◽

Gas Turbine Combustors ◽

Fuel Burning ◽

Distillate Fuel

During the development of a rich-lean staged dry low NOx combustor, the conventional trend of increasing smoke with increasing operating equivalence ratio was found when tests were run with distillate fuel (%H = 13.0). However, when tests were run with residual fuel (%H = 11.4), the trend was reversed. In addition, when the same combustor was run with blends of distillate fuel and residual fuel, a drastic improvement of smoke was observed when only 6 percent of residual fuel was mixed with distillate fuel, and for any blending of more than 10 percent of residual fuel the combustor was practically smoke free. A chemical analysis of fuel samples revealed an appreciable amount of trace metals in the residual fuel, giving rise to the suspicion that the smoke reduction may have been due in part to these trace metals. Of these elements found, vanadium is believed to be the most likely to cause smoke reduction because of its relatively high concentration.

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Characteristic Time Model Correlation of NOx Emissions From Lean Premixed Combustors

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations ◽

10.1115/95-gt-135 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald M. Newburry ◽

Arthur M. Mellor

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Diffusion Flame ◽

Characteristic Time ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Time Model ◽

New Model ◽

Gas Turbine Combustors ◽

Ratio Data ◽

Lean Premixed

The semi–empirical characteristic time model (CTM) has been used previously to correlate and predict emissions data from conventional diffusion flame, gas turbine combustors. The form of the model equation was derived for NOx emissions from laboratory flameholders and then extended to conventional gas turbine combustors. The model relates emissions to the characteristic times of distinct combustion subprocesses, with empirically determined model constants. In this paper, a new model is developed for lean premixed (LP) NOx emissions from a perforated plate flameholder combustor burning propane fuel. Several modifications to the diffusion flame CTM were required, including a new activation energy and a more complicated dependence on combustor pressure. Appropriate model constants were determined from the data, and the correlation results are reasonable. An attempt was made to validate the new model with LP NOx data for a different but geometrically similar flameholder operating at lower pressures. The predictions are good for the low equivalence ratio data. However, a systematic error in the reported equivalence ratios may be adversely affecting the predictions of the higher equivalence ratio data through the calculated adiabatic flame temperature.

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Implication of Different Fuel Injector Configurations for Hydrogen Fuelled Micromix Combustors

Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications ◽

10.1115/gt2011-46845 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bhupendra Khandelwal ◽

Yingchun Li ◽

Priyadarshini Murthy ◽

Vishal Sethi ◽

Riti Singh

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Combustion Zone ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

Gas Turbine Combustors ◽

The Impact

A design of a hydrogen fuelled micromix concept based combustor is proposed in this paper. The proposed micromix concept based combustor yields improved mixing, which leads to wider flammability range of the hydrogen-air flames compared to conventional kerosene and micromix concept based combustors. This improved mixing allows the combustion zone to operate at a much lower equivalence ratio than the conventional kerosene based and micromix concept based combustors considered in this study. Furthermore, when burning hydrogen the thermal energy radiated to the surroundings is lower (as the result of using lower equivalence ratio) than that of kerosene, consequently resulting in an increased liner life and lower cooling requirement. The aim of this paper is to highlight the impact of using hydrogen as a fuel in gas turbine combustors. It is perceived that this new micromix concept based combustor would also help in achieving low emissions and better performance. Possibilities for lowering NOx emissions when using hydrogen as a fuel in new designs of micromix combustor are also discussed.

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