Appearance of Trace Elements in Co-Firing Fuels

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78107 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Zevenhoven ◽

Rainer Backman ◽

Bengt-Johan Skrifvars ◽

Mikko Hupa

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Chloric Acid ◽

Thermodynamic Calculations ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Forest Residue ◽

Impregnated Wood ◽

Leaching Procedure

With the implementation of new EU guidelines the levels of maximum allowable emission levels of Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V will be further restricted. This may have implications for co-combustion of coal with waste derived fuels. In this study chemical fractionation, i.e. a stepwise leaching procedure has been applied on coal, peat, sewage sludge, bark, impregnated wood and forest residue. With this method fuels are leached in three steps, i.e. leached with water, ammonium acetate and hydro chloric acid, respectively. Both solubility in different leaching agents of main ash forming matter and the trace elements Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and Zn were studied. In this way more information became available about the characteristics of co-firing fuels. Thermodynamic calculations were used to show the consequences of the interaction with main ash forming elements on the partition of Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in the gas/ash phase.

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The A˚bo Akademi Database: Fuel Characterization

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78093 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Zevenhoven ◽

Patrik Yrjas ◽

Rainer Backman ◽

Bengt-Johan Skrifvars ◽

Mikko Hupa

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Ash Deposition ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Insufficient Information ◽

The Past ◽

Fuel Characterization ◽

Leaching Procedure

Standard fuel analyses have shown to provide insufficient information for proper prediction of ash deposition. Therefore, chemical fractionation, i.e. a stepwise leaching procedure, has been developed in the past. It has been used extensively for determination of the distribution of ash forming matter both in coal, peat, waste and biomass fuels. With this method fuels are leached in three steps, i.e. leached with water, ammonium acetate and hydro chloric acid respectively. This paper presents the fuel database developed at A˚bo Akademi University. The database contains over 100 fuels, i.e. coal, peat, bark, wood derived fuels, agricultural crops and waste fuels. Standard fuel analyses, stepwise leaching results, thermodynamic melting calculations and SEM pictures are available for the majority of these fuels. For 11 fuels also trace metals were analyzed.

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Chemical fractionation and risk assessment of trace elements in sewage sludge generated from various states of Pakistan

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-07795-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (32) ◽

pp. 39742-39752 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umair Riaz ◽

Ghulam Murtaza ◽

Saifullah ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Humera Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Chemical Fractionation

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Chemical Forms of Ash-Forming Matter in Woody Fuels for FBC

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78128 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johan Werkelin ◽

Maria Zevenhoven ◽

Bengt-Johan Skrifvars ◽

Mikko Hupa

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Soluble Calcium ◽

Combustion Processes ◽

Low Solubility ◽

Leaching Procedure

The prediction of the ash behavior in combustion processes is enhanced by the determination of the ash-forming matter in the fuel. The scope of this work was to characterize Scandinavian wood fuels by studying the wood, bark and leaves from a spruce and an aspen. Chemical Fractionation, a step-wise leaching procedure that treat the fuel in water, ammonium acetate and hydrochloric acid, was used to determine the solubility of the ash elements. The resulting solutions were further analyzed on ionic species, which was coupled to the presence of salt compounds in the original biomass tissues. The leaching procedure dissolved nearly 100% of the ash-forming matter. The phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl) and some of the sulfur (S) were readily leached with water and found present as HPO42−, SO42− and Cl− in the solutions. The simultaneous dissolving of potassium (K) in this step proved the presence of water soluble potassium salts in the biomasses. The remaining K after the water treatment and all magnesium (Mg) dissolved completely in the ammonium acetate step together with a large part of the tissues’ calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn). The remaining Ca after the second step was leached in hydrochloric acid together with equivalent amounts of oxalate ions, C2O42−. This proved the presence of acid soluble calcium oxalate in the tissues, a salt with low solubility in neutral pH.

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Sewage Sludge as a Tool in Limiting the Content of Trace Elements in Avena sativa L. on the Soil Polluted with Diesel Oil

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14144003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4003

Author(s):

Mirosław Wyszkowski ◽

Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽

Agata Borowik ◽

Natalia Kordala

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Soil Contamination ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Average Content ◽

Nickel Copper ◽

Copper Manganese ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil (0; 5; 10 and 15 cm3 kg−1 of soil) on the content of trace elements in the aboveground parts of oat (Avena sativa L.). Stabilised sewage sludge was used to mitigate the likely negative impact of diesel oil on the plant. Growing soil contamination with diesel oil had a significant impact on the content of trace elements in the aboveground biomass of oat. In the series without sewage sludge, the contents of the analysed elements, except for chromium, zinc, copper and cobalt, were positively correlated with the increasing doses of diesel oil. The largest increase in the content was recorded in the case of manganese. The sewage sludge used to reduce the influence of diesel oil on the chemical composition of oat had a positive effect on the content of the analysed trace elements. Compared to the series without the addition of a stabilised sewage sludge, it contributed to a reduction in the average content of chromium, nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt in the aboveground parts of oat plants. No significant effect of the applied remediation treatment was noted for cadmium, and the results were equivocal for iron.

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