Mechanistic Studies on Environmentally-Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth in Light Water Reactor Environments
Fatigue crack growth of austenitic stainless steels can be enhanced significantly in high temperature light water reactor coolant environments and an ASME Code Case, N-809, has recently been developed to provide fatigue crack growth rate curves for these alloys in pressurized water reactor environments. However, under some conditions, the enhanced rates can decrease to rates close to those in air at long rise times, a process referred to as retardation which is not taken account of in the Code Case. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of both enhancement and retardation would be beneficial to determining whether advantage could be taken of these retarded rates in plant assessment. A number of studies have been undertaken to evaluate fatigue crack growth behavior in both air and water environments in order to provide mechanistic insight. Progress on this work will be described. The data from air and inert environments support the proposed mechanism of environmentally enhanced fatigue by environmental enhancement of planar slip, although it is not yet possible to differentiate between the impact of oxidation and corrosion hydrogen on the level of enhancement in aqueous environments. Testing in high temperature water environments suggests that both corrosive blunting and/or oxide-induced closure mechanisms may contribute to crack growth rate retardation under specific circumstances.