Liquid-crystal polarization volume gratings for near-eye displays

Low-voltage, ultra-high resolution SEM (UHR SEM) is becoming a valuable complementary technique to TEM, X-ray diffraction, and the scanning probe microscopies for determining polymer morphology and polymer structure-property relationships. Imaging organic materials at low voltage without significant loss in resolution allows for the visualization of structurally interesting features on the order of 50 - 1000 Å with reduced charging and improved topographic contrast. The easily interpretable nature of the data obtained from this technique and the ease of sample preparation offer advantages over more commonly used polymer morphology characterization techniques.Electrically switchable polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) volume gratings are of considerable interest for applications in diffractive optics. The system presently under investigation is a PDLC diffraction grating formed by a single-step laser induced polymerization of a penta-acrylate monomer, blended with a photoinitiator, crosslinker, and E7 liquid crystal (LC). Upon polymerization, the liquid crystal phase-separates into liquid crystal-rich planes with a periodicity of 0.56 μm.

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Freeze-fracture TEM of the helical smectic A* phase

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012179x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

K.J. Ihn ◽

R. Pindak ◽

J. A. N. Zasadzinski

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Grain Boundary ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Smectic Phase ◽

Layer Spacing ◽

Screw Dislocations ◽

Smectic A ◽

Smectic Phases ◽

Discrete Amount

A new liquid crystal (called the smectic-A* phase) that combines cholesteric twist and smectic layering was a surprise as smectic phases preclude twist distortions. However, the twist grain boundary (TGB) model of Renn and Lubensky predicted a defect-mediated smectic phase that incorporates cholesteric twist by a lattice of screw dislocations. The TGB model for the liquid crystal analog of the Abrikosov phase of superconductors consists of regularly spaced grain boundaries of screw dislocations, parallel to each other within the grain boundary, but rotated by a fixed angle with respect to adjacent grain boundaries. The dislocations divide the layers into blocks which rotate by a discrete amount, Δθ, given by the ratio of the layer spacing, d, to the distance between grain boundaries, lb; Δθ ≈ d/lb (Fig. 1).

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Attractive mode force microscopy of chiral liquid crystal surfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100121740 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 268-269

Author(s):

B.D. Terris ◽

R. J. Twieg ◽

C. Nguyen ◽

G. Sigaud ◽

H. T. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Crystal Surfaces ◽

Free Surfaces ◽

Control Range ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Liquid Crystal Films ◽

Chiral Liquid Crystal ◽

Crystal Films ◽

Electrostatic Charging ◽

And Shifts

We have used a force microscope in the attractive, or noncontact, mode to image a variety of surfaces. In this mode, the microscope tip is oscillated near its resonant frequency and shifts in this frequency due to changes in the surface-tip force gradient are detected. We have used this technique in a variety of applications to polymers, including electrostatic charging, phase separation of ionomer surfaces, and crazing of glassy films.Most recently, we have applied the force microscope to imaging the free surfaces of chiral liquid crystal films. The compounds used (Table 1) have been chosen for their polymorphic variety of fluid mesophases, all of which exist within the temperature control range of our force microscope.

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Substituted Terminal Alkyl Groups and Their Prospects in Liquid Crystal Chemistry

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals ◽

10.1080/00268948608084954 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maged Osman

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Crystal Chemistry ◽

Alkyl Groups

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