The Role of Aural Frequency Analysis in Pitch Perception with Simultaneous Complex Tones

1986 ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Adrianus J. M. Houtsma ◽  
John G. Beerends
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Complex Tones

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

Dynamic Pitch Perception for Complex Tones of Periodic Spectral Patterns

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Nakajima ◽  
Hiroyuki Minami ◽  
Takashi Tsumura ◽  
Hiroshi Kunisaki ◽  
Shigeki Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Logarithmic Frequency ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Pitch Movement

Pitch circularity as found in Shepard tones was examined by using complex tones that had various degrees of exactness in their spectral periodicities on the logarithmic frequency dimension. This dimension was divided into periods of 1400 cents by tone components, and each period was subdivided into two parts of a fixed ratio of 700:700, 600:800, 550:850, 500:900, 450:950, 400:1000, or 0:1400. Subjects made paired comparison judgments for pitch. When the subdividing ratio was 0: 1400 or 400:1000, the subjects responded to the spectral periodicity of 1400 cents, and, when the ratio was 700:700 or 600:800, they responded to the periodicity of 700 cents. Some seemingly intermediate cases between these two extremes or some qualitatively different cases were obtained in the other conditions. As we have asserted before, the human ear appears to detect a global pitch movement when some tone components move in the same direction by similar degrees on the logarithmic frequency dimension.

scholarly journals The role of excitation-pattern cues in the detection of frequency shifts in bandpass-filtered complex tones

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 2687-2697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Marmel ◽  
Christopher J. Plack ◽  
Kathryn Hopkins ◽  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Hedwig E. Gockel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Shifts ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Excitation Pattern

Pitch perception of complex tones within and across ears and frequency regions

2005 ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Oxenham ◽  
Joshua G. Bernstein ◽  
Christophe Micheyl
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Complex Tones

Rabbits use both spectral and temporal cues to discriminate the fundamental frequency of harmonic complexes with missing fundamentals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D Wagner ◽  
Alice Gelman ◽  
Kenneth E. Hancock ◽  
Yoojin Chung ◽  
Bertrand Delgutte
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Harmonic Complex ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Behavioral Paradigm ◽  
Animal Vocalizations

The pitch of harmonic complex tones (HCT) common in speech, music and animal vocalizations plays a key role in the perceptual organization of sound. Unraveling the neural mechanisms of pitch perception requires animal models but little is known about complex pitch perception by animals, and some species appear to use different pitch mechanisms than humans. Here, we tested rabbits' ability to discriminate the fundamental frequency (F0) of HCTs with missing fundamentals using a behavioral paradigm inspired by foraging behavior in which rabbits learned to harness a spatial gradient in F0 to find the location of a virtual target within a room for a food reward. Rabbits were initially trained to discriminate HCTs with F0s in the range 400-800 Hz and with harmonics covering a wide frequency range (800-16,000 Hz), and then tested with stimuli differing either in spectral composition to test the role of harmonic resolvability (Experiment 1), or in F0 range (Experiment 2), or both F0 and spectral content (Experiment 3). Together, these experiments show that rabbits can discriminate HCTs over a wide F0 range (200-1600 Hz) encompassing the range of conspecific vocalizations, and can use either the spectral pattern of harmonics resolved by the cochlea for higher F0s or temporal envelope cues resulting from interaction between unresolved harmonics for lower F0s. The qualitative similarity of these results to human performance supports using rabbits as an animal model for studies of pitch mechanisms providing species differences in cochlear frequency selectivity and F0 range of vocalizations are taken into account.

scholarly journals The Interplay of Knowledge Representation with Various Fields of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 027-034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Balkanyi ◽  
Ronald Cornet
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Subject Headings

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is widespread in many areas, including medicine. However, it is unclear what exactly AI encompasses. This paper aims to provide an improved understanding of medical AI and its constituent fields, and their interplay with knowledge representation (KR). Methods: We followed a Wittgensteinian approach (“meaning by usage”) applied to content metadata labels, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus to classify the field. To understand and characterize medical AI and the role of KR, we analyzed: (1) the proportion of papers in MEDLINE related to KR and various AI fields; (2) the interplay among KR and AI fields and overlaps among the AI fields; (3) interconnectedness of fields; and (4) phrase frequency and collocation based on a corpus of abstracts. Results: Data from over eighty thousand papers showed a steep, six-fold surge in the last 30 years. This growth happened in an escalating and cascading way. A corpus of 246,308 total words containing 21,842 unique words showed several hundred occurrences of notions such as robotics, fuzzy logic, neural networks, machine learning and expert systems in the phrase frequency analysis. Collocation analysis shows that fuzzy logic seems to be the most often collocated notion. Neural networks and machine learning are also used in the conceptual neighborhood of KR. Robotics is more isolated. Conclusions: Authors note an escalation of published AI studies in medicine. Knowledge representation is one of the smaller areas, but also the most interconnected, and provides a common cognitive layer for other areas.

Left ear advantage in pitch perception of complex tones without energy at the fundamental frequency

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Paquette ◽  
Michelle Bourassa ◽  
Isabelle Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Ear Advantage
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