Identification of apical stops as a function of instructions to perceive a preceding stimulus as either a speech or nonspeech sound

1978 ◽  
Vol 63 (S1) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
Debra A. Moroff ◽  
J. F. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Nonspeech Sound

Preceding Stimulus Frequency-Dependent Potentiation of the Postrest Shortening of the Action Potential Duration in Rabbits.

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Naohiko Takahashi ◽  
Morio Ito ◽  
Shuji Ishida ◽  
Takao Fujino ◽  
Mikiko Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potential Duration ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Preceding Stimulus

Modulation of Level Response Areas and Stimulus Selectivity of Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2263-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Zhang ◽  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Leonard M. Kitzes
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Static Level ◽  
Response Area

Sounds commonly occur in sequences, such as in speech. It is therefore important to understand how the occurrence of one sound affects the response to a subsequent sound. We approached this question by determining how a conditioning stimulus alters the response areas of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of barbiturate-anesthetized cats. The response areas consisted of responses to stimuli that varied in level at the two ears and delivered at the characteristic frequency of each cell. A binaural conditioning stimulus was then presented ≥50 ms before each of the stimuli comprising the level response area. An effective preceding stimulus alters the shape and severely reduces the size and response magnitude of the level response area. This ability of the preceding stimulus depends on its proximity in the level domain to the level response area, not on its absolute level or on the size of the response it evokes. Preceding stimuli evoke a nonlinear inhibition across the level response area that results in an increased selectivity of a cortical neuron for its preferred binaural stimuli. The selectivity of AI neurons during the processing of a stream of acoustic stimuli is likely to be restricted to a portion of their level response areas apparent in the tone-alone condition. Thus rather than being static, level response areas are fluid; they can vary greatly in extent, shape and response magnitude. The dynamic modulation of the level response area and level selectivity of AI neurons might be related to several tasks confronting the central auditory system.

Intensity perception. X. Effect of preceding stimulus on identification performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Purks ◽  
D. J. Callahan ◽  
L. D. Braida ◽  
N. I. Durlach
Keyword(s):  
Identification Performance ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Intensity Perception

Nonspeech Sound Design for a Hierarchical Information System

2011 ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafa Absar ◽  
Catherine Guastavino
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Nonspeech Sound

scholarly journals Temporal Nonlinearity During Recovery From Sequential Inhibition by Neurons in the Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1897-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Jiping Zhang ◽  
Leonard M. Kitzes
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Sequential Inhibition ◽  
Response Area

Auditory stimuli occur most often in sequences rather than in isolation. It is therefore necessary to understand how responses to sounds occurring in sequences differ from responses to isolated sounds. Cells in primary auditory cortex (AI) respond to a large set of binaural stimuli when presented in isolation. The set of responses to such stimuli presented at one frequency comprises a level response area. A preceding binaural stimulus can reduce the size and magnitude of level response areas of AI cells. The present study focuses on the effects of the time interval between a preceding stimulus and the stimuli of a level response area in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. After the offset of a preceding stimulus, the ability of AI cells to respond to succeeding stimuli varies dynamically in time. At short interstimulus intervals (ISI), a preceding stimulus can completely inhibit responses to succeeding stimuli. With increasing ISIs, AI cells respond first to binaural stimuli that evoke the largest responses in the control condition, i.e., not preceded by a stimulus. Recovery rate is nonlinear across the level response area; responses to these most-effective stimuli recover to 70% of control on average 187 ms before responses to other stimuli recover to 70% of their control sizes. During the tens to hundreds of milliseconds that a level response area is reduced in size and magnitude, the selectivity of AI cells is increased for stimuli that evoke the largest responses. This increased selectivity results from a temporal nonlinearity in the recovery of the level response area which protects responses to the most effective binaural stimuli. Thus in a sequence of effective stimuli, a given cell will respond selectively to only those stimuli that evoke a strong response when presented alone.

Effect of preceding speech on nonspeech sound perception

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Stephens ◽  
Lori L. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Sound Perception ◽  
Nonspeech Sound

scholarly journals Eye- and feature-based modulation of onset rivalry caused by the preceding stimulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abe ◽  
E. Kimura ◽  
K. Goryo
Keyword(s):  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Feature Based

Effect of delayed channel on the perception of dichotically presented speech and nonspeech sound

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Nonspeech Sound

Inhibition of Return Arises from Inhibition of Response Processes: An Analysis of Oscillatory Beta Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Pastötter ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr ◽  
Karl-Heinz Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Target Design

In the orienting of attention paradigm, inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slowed responses to targets presented at the same location as a preceding stimulus. No consensus has yet been reached regarding the stages of information processing underlying the inhibition. We report the results of an electro-encephalogram experiment designed to examine the involvement of response inhibition in IOR. Using a cue-target design and a target-target design, we addressed the role of response inhibition in a location discrimination task. Event-related changes in beta power were measured because oscillatory beta activity has been shown to be related to motor activity. Bilaterally located sources in the primary motor cortex showed event-related beta desynchronization (ERD) both at cue and target presentation and a rebound to event-related beta synchronization (ERS) after movement execution. In both designs, IOR arose from an enhancement of beta synchrony. IOR was related to an increase of beta ERS in the target-target design and to a decrease of beta ERD in the cue-target design. These results suggest an important role of response inhibition in IOR.

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