Time‐gated word identification performance

Previous research has demonstrated that the masking effects of flankers about a target in the peripheral retina are not isotropic. Rather, regions of lateral interaction are ellipsoid in shape with the major axis oriented radially along a meridian through the fovea. This finding leads to the counterintuitive prediction that horizontal text positioned to the right of fixation might be read more slowly than similarly positioned text oriented diagonally or vertically. Similarly, vertically oriented text above fixation might be read more slowly than horizontally or diagonally oriented text above fixation. We investigated the effect of text orientation and inter-character spacing on word identification in the retinal periphery. Text was presented by rapid serial visual presentation. Words were centered 3° from fixation along four visual field meridians (VM) (right horizontal, upper-right diagonal, vertical, and upper-left diagonal). Regardless of VM identification, performance was best for horizontal text, declining slightly for orientations between +60° and −60° and declining more quickly for acute orientations. A weak effect of VM was observed for text with normal inter-character spacing. Performance was best for text centered along the horizontal meridian and declined slightly along the other VM. Finally, identification rates increased by ∼33 words min−1 with the addition of one character space between adjacent letters. The word-recognition processes are very tolerant of text orientation, exhibiting a modest decline for orientations within ±60° of horizontal regardless of VM.

Download Full-text

Word Identification Performance in the Presence of Competing Speech and Noise in Learning Disabled Adults

Ear and Hearing ◽

10.1097/00003446-198904000-00002 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gail D. Chermak ◽

Marlys R. Vonhof ◽

Robert B. Bendel

Keyword(s):

Word Identification ◽

Learning Disabled ◽

Identification Performance ◽

Competing Speech ◽

Disabled Adults

Download Full-text

Open-Set Word Identification by an Adult With Profound Hearing Impairment

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3502.443 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael P. Lynch ◽

Rebecca E. Eilers ◽

Patricia J. Pero

Keyword(s):

Hearing Impairment ◽

Word Identification ◽

Identification Performance ◽

Open Set ◽

Combined Modality ◽

The Subject ◽

Test Integration ◽

Speech Information ◽

Single Modality

The ability of an adult with profound hearing impairment to integrate speech information from touch, aided hearing, and speechreading in identification of open‐set words was investigated. A list was obtained of 735 words that the subject failed to identify using any single modality: touch, with either the Tacticon 1600, a multichannel electrocutaneous vocoder (TV), or the Tactaid II, a 2‐channel vibrotactile aid (TA); aided hearing (H); or speechreading (S). To test integration, observed word identification performance in combined‐modality conditions was compared with predicted performance calculated from single‐modality scores. Words were randomly assigned to seven conditions: (a) S+H, (b) H+TV, (c) H+TA, (d) S+TV, (d) S+TA, (e) S+TV+H, and (f) S+TA+H. Results indicated that the subject integrated speech information across modalities, with highest performance in the S+TV+H and S+TA+H conditions. Integration also occurred when both speechreading and touch were used and when both speechreading and aided hearing were used.

Download Full-text

Musical Features That Facilitate Melody Identification: How Do You Know It's ““Your”” Song When They Finally Play It?

Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.1525/mp.2003.21.2.217 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 217-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

MATTHEW D. SCHULKIND ◽

RACHEL J. POSNER ◽

DAVID C. RUBIN

Keyword(s):

Music Perception ◽

Word Identification ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Future Research ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Identification Performance ◽

Two Phase ◽

Musical Characteristics ◽

The Relationship

What information do listeners use to ““Name that Tune””? This question was investigated in a two-phase experiment. In Phase 1, the participants heard familiar melodies that were played on a note-by-note basis until they were identified. In Phase 2, each note of the melody was analyzed along a variety of musical dimensions. Multiple regression analyses determined which musical characteristics predicted identification performance. Identification was most strongly associated with notes located at phrase boundaries, notes that completed alternating sequences of rising and falling pitches, and metrically accented notes. As well, identification peaked after listeners heard moderate amounts of information (i.e., 5––7 notes). The data suggest that melody identification is a holistic, all-or-none process and that parallels can be drawn between melody and spoken word identification. Implications for current theories, future research, and the relationship between music perception and melody identification are discussed.

Download Full-text