A summary of behavioral measures of cochlear gain and gain reduction in listeners with normal hearing or minimal cochlear hearing loss

Listeners were asked to detect amplitude modulation (AM) of a target (or signal) carrier that was presented in isolation or in the presence of an additional (masker) carrier. The signal was modulated at a rate of 10 Hz, and the masker was unmodulated or was modulated at a rate of 2, 10, or 40 Hz. Nine listeners had normal hearing, 4 had a bilateral hearing loss, and 4 had a unilateral hearing loss; those with a unilateral loss were tested in both ears. The listeners with a hearing loss had normal hearing at 1 kHz and a 30- to 40-dB loss at 4 kHz. The carrier frequencies were 984 and 3952 Hz. In one set of conditions, the lower frequency carrier was the signal and the higher frequency carrier was the masker. In the other set, the reverse was true. For the impaired ears, the carriers were presented at 70 dB SPL. For the normal ears, either the carriers were both presented at 70 dB SPL or the higher frequency carrier was reduced to 40 dB SPL to simulate the lower sensation level experienced by the impaired ears. There was considerable individual variability in the results, and there was no clear effect of hearing loss. These results suggest that a mild, presumably cochlear hearing loss does not affect the ability to process AM in one frequency region in the presence of competing AM from another region.

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Monaural Envelope Correlation Perception in Listeners With Normal Hearing and Cochlear Impairment

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3606.1306 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1306-1314 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joseph W. Hall ◽

John H. Grose

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Frequency Separation ◽

Choice Procedure ◽

Cochlear Hearing Loss ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Band Number ◽

Envelope Correlation

Monaural envelope correlation perception was investigated in listeners with normal hearing and in listeners with cochlear hearing loss. Using a three-interval forced-choice procedure, the task of the subject was to identify the one interval out of three where the noise bands had correlated envelopes. Performance was determined as a function of the spectral separation between noise bands (Δf of 250, 500, or 1000 Hz) and the number of noise bands present (two, three, or five). Although individual differences existed, the results generally indicated better performance for the listeners with normal hearing when the Δf between bands was relatively small; however, there was no significant effect of hearing loss when the frequency separation between bands was greater than 250 Hz. The listeners with normal hearing generally showed decreased performance with increasing Δf, whereas the performance of many of the listeners with hearing impairment usually did not change appreciably with variation in Δf. Both groups of listeners showed improved performance with increasing number of noise bands present for the 500-Hz Δf. Only the listeners with hearing impairment showed significantly improved performance with increasing band number for the 250-Hz Δf; neither group showed improved performance with increasing band number for the 1000-Hz Δf. With five bands present, the performance of the listeners with hearing impairment did not differ significantly from that of the listeners with normal hearing, even for the 250-Hz Δf. It is possible that the poor performance of many of the listeners with hearing impairment when Δf is small may be due to relatively poor peripheral frequency analysis. It is difficult to determine the role of within-channel versus across-channel cues in the effects obtained.

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Comparison of stacked tone-ABR and chirp ABR in individual with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180723 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

C. R. Vijay Bharath Reddy ◽

M. Santhosh Reddy ◽

K. Suresh

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Tone Burst ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Sensorineural Hearing ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Cochlear Hearing Loss

Background: There are no published studies that compared amplitude of stacked-Tone ABR and Chirp ABR in hearing impaired individuals with sensorineural hearing loss, which need to be investigated. Objective of the study was to know whether amplitude of standard chirp evoked ABR is same as tone burst evoked stacked ABR in individuals with normal hearing listeners and individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.Methods: Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, from January 2016 to December 2016. Two groups of subjects were taken. Group I consisted of 20 ears (14 males and 6 females) with normal hearing. Group II consisted of 20 ears (11 females and 9 males) with cochlear hearing loss. Results: Wave V Amplitude of stacked tone ABR was higher than Chirp stimuli evoked ABR wave V in both the groups. Amplitude of stacked tone ABR and chirp was smaller for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss than normal hearing. Between the 2 chirp stimuli, standard Chirp ABR amplitude was higher than modified Chirp in normal hearing listeners and individual with sensorineural hearing loss. For modified chirp in individuals with normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss. Latency obtained by standard chirp was longer compared to latency obtained by modified chirp, which is seen in both the groups.Conclusions: Chirp ABR may be opted over stacked tone ABR in neurological investigations due to its lesser variability in amplitude and shorter duration of testing.

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Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Quality of Life in Adults with Unilateral Hearing Loss

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000484079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4-5) ◽

pp. 259-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Margaret T. Dillon ◽

Emily Buss ◽

Meredith A. Rooth ◽

English R. King ◽

Ellen J. Deres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Speech Perception In Noise ◽

Contralateral Ear

Objective: Patients with moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss in 1 ear and normal hearing in the contralateral ear, known as unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or single-sided deafness (SSD), may experience improved quality of life with the use of a cochlear implant (CI) in the affected ear. Quality of life assessment before and after implantation may reveal changes to aspects of hearing beyond those explicitly evaluated with behavioral measures. Methods: The present report completed 2 experiments investigating quality of life outcomes in CI recipients with UHL. The first experiment assessed quality of life during the 1st year of device use with 3 questionnaires: the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Twenty subjects were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-activation. Quality of life results were compared over the study period using traditional scoring methods and the SSQ pragmatic subscales. Subscales specific to localization and speech perception in noise were compared to behavioral measures at the preoperative and 12-month intervals. The 2nd experiment evaluated quality of life preoperatively and at the 12-month interval for CI recipients with UHL and CI recipients with bilateral hearing loss, including conventional CI users and those listening with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). The 3 cohorts differed in CI candidacy criteria, including the amount of residual hearing in the contralateral ear. Results: For subjects with moderate-to-profound UHL, receipt of a CI significantly improved quality of life, with benefits noted as early as 1 month after initial activation. The UHL cohort reported less perceived difficulty at the pre- and postoperative intervals than the conventional CI and EAS cohorts, which may be due to the presence of the normal-hearing ear. Each group experienced a significant benefit in quality of life on the APHAB with CI use. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation in cases of substantial UHL may offer significant improvements in quality of life. Quality of life measures revealed a reduction in perceived tinnitus severity and subjective improvements in speech perception in noise, spatial hearing, and listening effort. While self-report of difficulties were lower for the UHL cohort than the conventional CI and EAS cohorts, subjects in all 3 groups reported an improvement in quality of life with CI use.

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Distortion-Product Emissions and Auditory Sensitivity in Human Ears With Normal Hearing and Cochlear Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3505.1142 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1142-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

David A. Nelson ◽

Barry P. Kimberley

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Stimulus Level ◽

Auditory Sensitivity ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Low Level ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Cochlear Hearing Loss ◽

High Stimulus

Distortion product emissions (DPEs) at 2f 1 – f 2 frequencies were measured in 53 human ears; 21 of them exhibited cochlear hearing loss. DPEs were obtained as a function of stimulus level (DPE growth curves) at seven frequency regions between 707 Hz and 5656 Hz. Several distinctly different shapes or patterns of DPE growth curves were observed. These included single-segment monotonic growth curves with and without saturation at moderate and high stimulus levels, diphasic growth curves with nulls at moderate stimulus levels, and nonmonotonic growth curves with negative slopes at high stimulus levels. Low-level, irregularly shaped segments were more frequent in normal-hearing ears, suggestive of normal low-level active nonlinearities from the outer-hair-cell subsystem. High-level, steeply sloped segments were frequent in hearing-impaired ears, suggestive of residual nonlinearities from a cochlear partition without functional outer hair cells. The stimulus level at which the DPE could just be distinguished from the noise floor, the DPE detection threshold, demonstrated moderate positive correlations (r's from 0.50 to 0.81) with auditory thresholds when all ears, both normal and impaired, were considered together. Those correlations were not strong enough to quantitatively predict auditory thresholds with any great accuracy. However, DPE thresholds were able to predict abnormal auditory sensitivity with some precision. DPE thresholds correctly predicted abnormal auditory sensitivity 79% of the time in the present study, and up to 96% of the time in previous studies. These results suggest that DPE thresholds may prove useful for hearing screening in cases where cooperation from the subject is limited or where corroboration of cochlear hearing loss is required. Different patterns of DPE growth curves suggest underlying micro-mechanical differences between ears, but the differential diagnostic value of those patterns remains to be determined.

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Rollover Measurements with Auditec NU-6 Word Lists

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.5004.356 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 356-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dianne H. Meyer ◽

E. Tracy Mishler

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Cassette Tape ◽

Word Lists ◽

Cochlear Hearing Loss ◽

Rollover Index ◽

Intensity Functions

Auditec cassette tape recordings of NU-6 word lists were used to obtain performance-intensity functions for phonetically balanced words (PI-PB) from 25 subjects with normal hearing, 19 subjects with presumed cochlear disorders, and 9 subjects with confirmed retrocochlear lesions. A rollover index >.35 differentiated retrocochlear hearing loss from cochlear hearing loss, although some retrocochlear subjects scored well below that level. Factors that may contribute to differences among PI-PB studies are discussed.

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Masking, Temporal Integration, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2404.514 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 514-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

David Y. Chung

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

White Noise ◽

Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Frequency Dependence ◽

Temporal Integration ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Noise Masking ◽

Cochlear Hearing Loss ◽

Principal Finding ◽

Background White Noise

This study was undertaken basically to examine the effect of white noise masking on temporal integration and how the frequency dependence of temporal integration is related to hearing loss. The threshold differences between 500-msec and 20-msec at .5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were found for 147 ears of 86 subjects with normal hearing and with various amounts of cochlear hearing loss. Thresholds were measured in three levels of background white noise—30, 60, and 90 dB SPL. The principal finding was that temporal integration is frequency dependent and this dependence is not an epiphenomenon of the decrease in temporal integration due to cochlear hearing loss.

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