scholarly journals Mutual anticipation can contribute to self-organization in human crowds

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabe7758
Author(s):  
Hisashi Murakami ◽  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Yuta Nishiyama ◽  
Katsuhiro Nishinari
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Swarm Dynamics ◽  
Cooperative Process ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Pedestrian Transportation

Human crowds provide paradigmatic examples of collective behavior emerging through self-organization. Understanding their dynamics is crucial to help manage mass events and daily pedestrian transportation. Although recent findings emphasized that pedestrians’ interactions are fundamentally anticipatory in nature, whether and how individual anticipation functionally benefits the group is not well understood. Here, we show the link between individual anticipation and emergent pattern formation through our experiments of lane formation, where unidirectional lanes are spontaneously formed in bidirectional pedestrian flows. Manipulating the anticipatory abilities of some of the pedestrians by distracting them visually delayed the collective pattern formation. Moreover, both the distracted pedestrians and the nondistracted ones had difficulties avoiding collisions while navigating. These results imply that avoidance maneuvers are normally a cooperative process and that mutual anticipation between pedestrians facilitates efficient pattern formation. Our findings may influence various fields, including traffic management, decision-making research, and swarm dynamics.

scholarly journals Mutual anticipation can contribute to self-organization in human crowds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Murakami ◽  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Yuta Nishiyama ◽  
Katsuhiro Nishinari
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Physical Particle ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Walking Speeds

AbstractHuman crowds provide paradigmatic examples of collective behavior emerging through self-organization. Although the underlying interaction has been considered to obey the distance-dependent law, resembling physical particle systems, recent findings emphasized that pedestrian motions are fundamentally influenced by the anticipated future positions of their neighbors rather than their current positions. Therefore, anticipatory interaction may play a crucial role in collective patterning. However, whether and how individual anticipation functionally benefits the group is not well-understood. We suggest that collective patterning in human crowds is promoted by anticipatory path-seeking behavior resulting in a scale-free movement pattern, called the Lévy walk. In our experiments of lane formation, a striking example of self-organized patterning in human crowds where people moving in opposite directions spontaneously segregate into several unidirectional lanes, we manipulated some pedestrians’ ability to anticipate by having them type on a mobile phone while walking. The manipulation slowed overall walking speeds and delayed the onset of global patterning, and the distracted pedestrians sometimes failed to achieve their usual walking strategy. Moreover, we observed that the delay of global patterning depends on decisions made by pedestrians who were moving toward the distracted ones and had no choice but to take sudden large steps, presumably because of difficulty in anticipating the motions of their counterparts. These results imply that mutual anticipation between pedestrians facilitates efficient transition to emergent patterning in situations where nobody within a crowd is distracted. Our findings may contribute to efficient crowd management and inform future models of self-organizing systems.

Stress Testing of UAS Traffic Management Decision Making Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuxi Yang ◽  
Maxim Egorov ◽  
Antony Evans ◽  
Steven Munn ◽  
Peng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Management Decision Making

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

Emergency management decision-making during severe weather

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh A. Baumgart ◽  
Ellen J. Bass ◽  
Brenda Philips ◽  
Kevin Kloesel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Management Decision Making
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