PLANT SCIENCE: Parasitic Weed Uses Chemical Cues to Find Host Plant

Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 313 (5795) ◽  
pp. 1867a-1867a ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Parasitic Weed

Nonvolatile Chemical Cues Affect Host-Plant Ranking by Gravid Polygonia c-album Females

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Raimondas Mozūraitis ◽  
Rushana Murtazina ◽  
Sören Nylin ◽  
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ranking Order

In a multiple-choice test, the preference of egg-laying Polygonia c-album (comma butterfly) females was studied for oviposition on plants bearing surrogate leaves treated with crude methanol extracts obtained from leaves of seven host-plant species: Humulus lupulus, Urtica dioica, Ulmus glabra, Salix caprea, Ribes nigrum, Corylus avellana, and Betula pubescens. The ranking order of surrogate leaves treated with host-plant extracts corresponded well to that reported on natural foliage, except R. nigrum. Thus, host-plant choice in P. c-album seems to be highly dependent on chemical cues. Moreover, after two subsequent fractionations using reversed-phase chromatography the nonvolatile chemical cues residing in the most polar water-soluble fractions evidently provided sufficient information for egg-laying females to discriminate and rank between the samples of more and less preferred plants, since the ranking in these assays was similar to that for natural foliage or whole methanol extracts, while the physical traits of the surrogate leaves remained uniform.

Role of chemical cues in cabbage stink bug host plant selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 103994
Author(s):  
Silvana Piersanti ◽  
Manuela Rebora ◽  
Luisa Ederli ◽  
Stefania Pasqualini ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Plant Selection

scholarly journals Screening of resistance to egyptian broomrape infection in tomato varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tokasi ◽  
M. Bannayan Aval ◽  
H.R. Mashhadi ◽  
Ali. Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Late Infection ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Orobanche Aegyptiaca

Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. Research on resistant host plant varieties is one of the most effective management strategies for this parasitic weed. In this study, the susceptibility of twenty-nine tomato varieties to broomrape infection (Orobanche aegyptiaca) under greenhouse conditions was investigated. The employed experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. Differences in susceptibility to infection were monitored among tomato varieties based on their difference in the number of emerged shoots of broomrape and broomrape dry weight (shoots and tubercles). Date of Orobanche emergence varied over a period of 3 to 30 days between varieties. Very late infection was monitored for varieties of Cal-jN3, Viva, Caligen 86, Packmor, CSX 5013, Hyb. PS 6515 and Hyb Petopride5. Differences in the growth and fruit yield among tomato varieties were also found in response to broomrape infestation. Moderate levels of resistance were obtained in Viva, Caligen 86, Hyb. PS 6515, Hyb.Firenze (PS 8094) and Cal-jN3 among other tomato varieties. In contrast, varieties of Kimia-Falat, Hyb. Petopride II and Hyb.AP865 were the most susceptible hosts to Orobanche aegyptiaca.

scholarly journals Silencing of Mannitol Transporter Gene In Phelipanche Aegyptiaca Reduces The Parasite Development On The Host Root

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Bari ◽  
Jackline Abu Nassar ◽  
Radi Aly
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca, is an obligate plant parasite which causes severe damage to host crops. Agriculture crops mainly belong to Brassicaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and Solanaceae plant families affected by this parasitic weed which leads to devastating loss to crops yield and economic growth. This root specific parasitic plant is not able to complete its life-cycle without a suitable host and is totally dependent on the host plant for organic nutrients. Therefore, flow of organic solute molecules towards parasites is essential for the survival of the parasitic weed and disturbance in this network modulated host-parasitic interaction, which induces resistance in host against these parasitic weeds. To develop host resistance to this parasitic weed, we silenced selected prominent genes associated with P. aegyptiaca using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) methods. Our results demonstrated that the total number of parasite tubercle attached to root of the host plant Nicotiana benthamiana significantly reduced upon silencing of P. aegyptiaca specific gene which encodes mannitol transporter, however silencing of other gene(s), have no significant effects. Thus, our study indicates that mannitol transport plays an important role in host-parasite interaction and silencing of this gene causes development of host resistance against this parasite.

scholarly journals IMPROVED HOST PLANT RESISTANCE BY MODIFICATION OF PLANT CHEMICAL CUES ASSOCIATED WITH HELIOTHIS ZEA HOST PLANT SELECTION FOR OVIPOSITION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178a-1178
Author(s):  
John A. Juvik
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Crop Species

Heliothis zea (Boddle) is one of agriculture's worst insect pests. Reduction in crop productivity and costs for insecticidal control of this cosmopolitan pest cost U.S. agriculture many millions of dollars annually. The sesquiterpenes (+)-E-å-santalen-12-oic and (+)-E- endo- β–bergamoten-12-oic acids isolated from hexane leaf extracts of the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon hirsutum, have been shown to attract and stimulate oviposition by female H. zea. Extracts from other host plants (tobacco, corn, and cotton) also possess attractant/oviposition stimulant activity to female H. zea. Studies are underway to assess the potential use of these and other phytochemicals for the control or monitoring of population levels of H. zea in tomato, corn and cotton fields.The isolation and structural identification of insect pest oviposition stimulants in horticultural crop species can provide valuable information to plant breeders involved in developing cultivars with improved insect host plant resistance. This information could be used to develop cultivars lacking the chemical cues used by insects for host plant location and recognition. Risks of public exposure to toxic insecticides through consumption of agricultural produce and polluted ground water emphasize the critical need for the development of crop genotypes with improved best plant resistance as a supplementary method of insect pest management in agricultural ecosystems.

Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
Host Infection

This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then moves on to discuss host plant pre-penetration and post-penetration defence mechanisms. It concludes by emphasising the importance of developing management strategies for parasitic weed management.

Nonvolatile Chemical Cues Affect Host-Plant Ranking by Gravid Polygonia c-album Females

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 0093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Mozuraitis ◽  
Rushana Murtazina ◽  
Sören Nylin ◽  
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chemical Cues

Chemical cues involved in the attraction of the oligolectic bee Hoplitis adunca to its host plant Echium vulgare

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Filella ◽  
Jordi Bosch ◽  
Joan Llusià ◽  
Anna Peñuelas ◽  
Josep Peñuelas
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Hoplitis Adunca

scholarly journals Multiple immunity-related genes control susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9268
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Clarke ◽  
So-Yon Park ◽  
Robert Tuosto ◽  
Xiaoyan Jia ◽  
Amanda Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Hub Gene ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Host Genes ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Parasitic weeds represent a major threat to agricultural production across the world. Little is known about which host genetic pathways determine compatibility for any host–parasitic plant interaction. We developed a quantitative assay to characterize the growth of the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca on 46 mutant lines of the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify host genes that are essential for susceptibility to the parasite. A. thaliana host plants with mutations in genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis/signaling or the negative regulation of plant immunity were less susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization. In contrast, A. thaliana plants with a mutant allele of the putative immunity hub gene Pfd6 were more susceptible to parasitization. Additionally, quantitative PCR revealed that P. aegyptiaca parasitization leads to transcriptional reprograming of several hormone signaling pathways. While most tested A. thaliana lines were fully susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization, this work revealed several host genes essential for full susceptibility or resistance to parasitism. Altering these pathways may be a viable approach for limiting host plant susceptibility to parasitism.

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