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Nitrogen ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ◽  
Alexis Gloutney ◽  
Jean Caron

Few conservation strategies have been applied to cultivated peatland. This field study over one growth cycle of Lactuca sativa examined the effect of plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments in a real farming situation on peatland. Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes were used directly in the field to assess the impacts of incorporating Miscanthus x giganteus straw and Salix miyabeana chips on nutrient availability for lettuce. The results showed that lettuce yield decreased by 35% in the miscanthus straw treatment and by 14% in the willow chip treatment. In addition, the nitrogen flux rate was severely reduced during crop growth (75% reduction) and the plant N uptake index was much lower in the amended treatments than in the control. The phosphorus supply rate was also significantly lower (24% reduction) in the willow treatment. The influence of sampling zone was significant as well, with most macro-nutrients being depleted in the root zone and most micro-nutrients being mobilized. Additional work is needed to optimize the proposed conservation strategy and investigate the effects of consecutive years of soil amendment on different vegetable crops and in different types of cultivated peatlands to confirm and generalize the findings of this study. Future field studies should also explore the long-term carbon dynamics under plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments to determine if they can offset annual C losses.


2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-722
Author(s):  
Elena Kulikova ◽  
Sergey Makarov ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova ◽  
Anton Chudetsky

Introduction. The demand for honeysuckle berries and planting material is growing. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for industrial plantations. The research objective was to study the effect of cytokinins and auxins on Russian and Canadian honeysuckle microshoots and roots. Study objects and methods. The study featured regenerated honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis Turcz.) of three Russian cultivars (Bakcharsky Velikan, Doch Velikana, Yugana) and two Canadian cultivars (Boreal Beauty, Boreal Beast). The experiment focused on the effect of sterilizing agents and sterilization time on the viability of honeysuckle explants at the stage of culture introduction in vitro. The effect of the growth regulator Cytodef in the QL nutrient medium on organogenesis was studied at the stage of micropropagation proper, the effect of auxin IBA on plant root formation – at the stage of rooting in vitro. Results and discussion. The greatest viability of honeysuckle explants (80–94%) was registered in the samples affected by Lizoformin 3000 (5%) and silver nitrate (0.2%) as sterilizing agents with a sterilization time of 10 min at the stage of in vitro culture introduction. The biggest quantity (8.8 pcs.) and total length (40.1 cm) of microshoots were observed when the content of cytokinin Cytodef in the culture medium QL was 0.3 mg/L at the stage micropropagation proper. The Boreal Beast cultivar had the largest total length of shoots (29.0 cm). The biggest quantity (5.5 pcs.) and total length (30.8 cm) of roots resulted from 0.5 mg/L of auxin IBA at the stage of rooting in vitro. Coconut substrate produced the highest survival rate (92–99%) at the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions in vivo, with the greatest number of leaves (8.1–10.2 pcs.) observed in Canadian cultivars. Conclusion. Cytodef and IBA proved to be effective growth-regulating substances for microplants of Russian and Canadian honeysuckle cultivars in vitro, which makes them promising for berry plantations.


Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115507
Author(s):  
Xiaoting Xie ◽  
Hengnian Yan ◽  
Lingzao Zeng

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumari ◽  
Subhash Chander ◽  
Sushil Sharma

Water is becoming increasing scare which limits agricultural development not only in Indiabut also in many parts of the world. Drip irrigation is an incredibly efficient wateringmethod that slowly delivers water directly to plant root system. The present study wasundertaken to assess the knowledge and adoption level of drip irrigation in citrus cropsamong farmers of Haryana state. Majority of respondents belonged to middle age group(51.67%), general castes (96.67%), joint families (68.33%) and having land between 4-10hectares (45.00%). It was found that majority of sampled farmers (61.67%) had high levelof knowledge while 31.67 per cent had moderate level of knowledge of drip irrigation.More number of farmers had high level of adoption (40.00%) whereas 35.00 per cent hadmedium and 25.00 per cent had low level of adoption of drip irrigation. Socio-economicfactors like income, landholding, mass media exposure, education and socio-economic statusof farmers were found significantly associated with the level of knowledge and adoptionof drip irrigation. It is concluded that more efforts are required to increase the knowledgeof farmers about drip irrigation for wider adoption of micro-irrigation technologies.


Author(s):  
Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid ◽  
Muhammad Fahyu Sanjaya ◽  
Laode Sabaruddin ◽  
Rachmawati Hasid ◽  
Darwis Sulaeman ◽  
...  

<p><span lang="IN">Soil fauna as ecosystem engineers </span><span>have the ability to </span><span lang="IN">creat</span><span>e </span><span lang="IN">soil biostructure</span><span>s, with the capacity to </span><span lang="IN">sav</span><span>e</span><span lang="IN"> arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. </span><span>This study therefore aims to </span><span lang="IN">investigate the </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">spore density in the biostructures created by cooperation between earthworms and ants with a different organic matter composition</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> and to analyze the </span><span>biostructures’ </span><span lang="IN">potential as a source of </span><span>AMF </span><span lang="IN">inoculum on cocoa seedlings. </span><span>In the first experiment, a </span><span lang="IN">combination of earthworms and ants composition</span><span>, as well as a </span><span lang="IN">mixture of <em>G. sepium</em> leaf (GLP), cocoa shell bean (CSB), and sago dregs (SD)</span><span>,</span><span lang="IN"> was tested</span><span>. Meanwhile, </span><span lang="IN">in the </span><span>second</span><span lang="IN"> experiment</span><span>, t</span><span lang="IN">he</span><span> effect of</span><span lang="IN"> biostructures on cocoa seedlings grown </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n unsterile soil</span><span>,was </span><span lang="IN">examined</span><span>. According to the results, the highest</span><span lang="IN"> AMF spore </span><span>density was obtained using </span><span lang="IN">20 earthworms+10 ants with 50%GLP+50%CSB + 0%SD treatment</span><span>. Furthermore, the t</span><span lang="IN">otal AMF spores </span><span>were </span><span lang="IN">positively correlated</span><span> with the total P value, but negatively correlated </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>the </span><span lang="IN">C/N ratio</span><span>. Therefore, bi</span><span lang="IN">ostructure application increased AMF spores number in rhizosphere and </span><span>the cocoa seedling’s </span><span lang="IN">root infection</span><span>. Furthermore, </span><span lang="IN">biostructure</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> resulting from the collaborative activity </span><span>between</span><span lang="IN"> different soil fauna ecosystem engineers </span><span>were able to transmit </span><span lang="IN">AMF spore</span><span>s </span><span lang="IN">to </span><span>infected </span><span lang="IN">plant root</span><span>s</span><span lang="IN"> growing </span><span>i</span><span lang="IN">n non-sterile soil.</span></p>


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Jakhongir Alimov ◽  
Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
...  

The diversity of salt-tolerant cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with the halophyte New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze) was studied, and their plant beneficial properties were evaluated. The bacteria isolated from leaves and roots belonged to Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Pseudarthrobacter, Raoultella, Curtobacterium, and Pantoea. Isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of a phytohormone (indole 3-acetic-acid), cell wall degrading enzymes, and hydrogen cyanide production. Furthermore, antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae was detected. Ten out of twenty bacterial isolates were able to synthesize ACC deaminase, which plays a vital role in decreasing ethylene levels in plants. Regardless of the origin of isolated bacteria, root or leaf tissue, they stimulated plant root and shoot growth under 200 mM NaCl conditions. Our study suggests that halophytes such as New Zealand spinach are a promising source for isolating halotolerant plant-beneficial bacteria, which can be considered as potentially efficient biofertilizers in the bioremediation of salt-affected soils.


Author(s):  
Mercedes Schroeder ◽  
Melissa Y. Gomez ◽  
Nathan K. McLain ◽  
Emma Gachomo

Beneficial rhizobacteria can stimulate changes in plant root development. While root system growth is mediated by multiple factors, the regulated distribution of the phytohormone auxin within root tissues plays a principal role. Auxin transport facilitators help to generate the auxin gradients and maxima that determine root structure. Here, we show that the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum IRAT FA3 influences specific auxin efflux transporters to alter Arabidopsis thaliana root morphology. Gene expression profiling of host transcripts in control and B. japonicum-inoculated roots of the wild type A. thaliana accession Col-0 confirmed upregulation of PIN2, PIN3, PIN7 and ABCB19 with B. japonicum and identified genes potentially contributing to a diverse array of auxin-related responses. Co-cultivation of the bacterium with loss-of-function auxin efflux transport mutants revealed that B. japonicum requires PIN3, PIN7 and ABCB19 to increase lateral root development and utilizes PIN2 to reduce primary root length. Accelerated lateral root primordia production due to B. japonicum was not observed in single pin3, pin7 or abcb19 mutants, suggesting independent roles for PIN3, PIN7 and ABCB19 during the plant-microbe interaction. Our work demonstrates B. japonicum’s influence over host transcriptional reprogramming during plant interaction with this beneficial microbe and the subsequent alterations to root system architecture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13372
Author(s):  
Yitian Fang ◽  
Jinke Chang ◽  
Tao Shi ◽  
Wenchun Luo ◽  
Yang Ou ◽  
...  

Rooting is a key innovation during plant terrestrialization. RGFs/GLVs/CLELs are a family of secreted peptides, playing key roles in root stem cell niche maintenance and pattern formation. The origin of this peptide family is not well characterized. RGFs and their receptor genes, RGIs, were investigated comprehensively using phylogenetic and genetic analyses. We identified 203 RGF genes from 24 plant species, representing a variety of land plant lineages. We found that the RGF genes originate from land plants and expand via multiple duplication events. The lineage-specific RGF duplicates are retained due to their regulatory divergence, while a majority of RGFs experienced strong purifying selection in most land plants. Functional analysis indicated that RGFs and their receptor genes, RGIs, isolated from liverwort, tomato, and maize possess similar biological functions with their counterparts from Arabidopsis in root development. RGFs and RGIs are likely coevolved in land plants. Our studies shed light on the origin and functional conservation of this important peptide family in plant root development.


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