Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene glacial history of northern Andréeland (northern Spits her gen/Svalbard Archipelago): evidence from glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits

AbstractThe glacial history of the Svalbard archipelago is often a hot topic for researches, but the articles usually refer to a particular piece of Svalbard. The authors of this work studied many scientific articles based on the researches to find and collect this history. Svalbard archipelago is located in the Arctic, at the edge of the continental shelf of Europe. The end of shelf boundary noted occurrence of ice caps in the past glaciations. In turn, the main elements of the landscape of the archipelago are glaciers that are currently in a recession. Spitsbergen (the biggest island of the archipelago) sets the limit of Pleistocene glaciations, and the current state of glaciers allows determining the place where the recession is intense. The main aim of the authors in this study is to show this history only from the late Vistulian to the late Holocene (the beginning of 21st century). Interstadials and Stadials start time varies, as their duration in different places, according to various authors. It is very hard to collect all information and describe this history. By knowing the history of glaciation, we can distinguish in the late Vistulian: Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Bølling/Older Dryas/Allerød and Younger Dryas (YD). LGM was the stadial in which was the maximum extent of ice sheet in late Vistulian. After this period, ice sheet began to retreat from the continental shelf. In turn, YD was the stadial in which the last advance of glaciers took place, about 11 000 years BC. In the Holocene we can distinguish Holocene Climatic Optimum (in the meantime short Cooling Holocene), Revdalen Stadial, Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age (LIA) and 20th century warming. The maximum extent of glaciers in Holocene was in LIA. In LIA, the extent of glaciers was bigger than in YD. In 20th century a warming started and continues until now.

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Late Pleistocene depositional systems of Metropolitan Toronto and their engineering and glacial geological significance

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e87-098 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 1009-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. Eyles

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Glacial History ◽

Late Tertiary ◽

History Of ◽

Depositional Systems ◽

Late Wisconsinan ◽

Glacial Complex

The municipality of Metropolitan Toronto (area 480 km2, population 2.15 million) is centrally located on the Late Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the Laurentian Channel, a broad bedrock low up to 115 km wide connecting the Huron and Ontario basins. This channel forms part of a relict (late Tertiary?) drainage network (the Laurentian River) modified by Pleistocene glacial erosion and infilled by over 100 m of glacial and interglacial sediments. The subsurface stratigraphy of the channel fill below Metropolitan Toronto has been established from many different data sources and is depicted, in this paper, as a series of cross sections with a total length of nearly 105 km.The subsurface stratigraphy has been divided, provisionally, into five depositional complexes, which have been mapped in the subsurface along several transects. These are (1) a glacial complex of Illinoian (?) age, (2) a lacustrine complex of Sangamon Interglacial and earliest Wisconsinan sediments (120 000 – 75 000 BP?), (3) a glaciolacustrine – lacustrine complex spanning the Early and Mid-Wisconsinan (75 000 – 30 000 BP?), (4) a Late Wisconsinan (> 30 000 BP) glacial complex, and (5) a postglacial lacustrine complex (ca. 12 000 BP).The data presented in this paper are significant for applied geological investigations in the heavily urbanized Toronto area and provide new insights into the glacial history of the Ontario Basin, in particular the regional extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin prior to the Late Wisconsinan.

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Sediment record from the Kamyshovoe Lake: history of vegetation during late Pleistocene – early Holocene (Kaliningrad District, Russia)

Baltica ◽

10.5200/baltica.2015.28.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 121-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Olga Druzhinina ◽

Dmitry Subetto ◽

Miglė Stančikaitė ◽

Giedrė Vaikutienė ◽

Jury Kublitsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Sediment Record ◽

Environmental Regime ◽

Maximum Value ◽

History Of Vegetation ◽

Shrub Tundra ◽

History Of ◽

Pollen Records

Newly obtained pollen and diatom data from the Kamyshovoe Lake (germ. Dobauen, Vishtynets Highland, Baltic Uplands) controlled by radiocarbon dating allowed to reconstruct the history of local vegetation during late Pleistocene – early Holocene. Pollen records show the formation of birch-predominating forest at ca. 13.4 ka cal. BP and the flourishing of pine towards the second half of the chronozone since about 13.2 ka cal. BP. The transition to the Younger Dryas around 12.7 ka cal. BP led to the development of sparse shrub tundra with Juniperus and communities of steppe herbs. Amelioration of the environmental regime enabled birch and pine woods to spread during the second part of GS-1 event and the Preboreal. The late Preboreal time is marked by the appearance of Populus and an increase in the role of grasses in the vegetation cover, which can be correlated to similar open vegetation phases deduced from other pollen records in Europe (11.3–11.1 ka cal. BP). During the Boreal (since ca. 10.0 ka cal. BP) Corylus had its maximum value, Alnus, Tilia and Quercus appeared and spread while the birch-pine forests retreated.

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Radiocarbon, Soil, and Artifact Chronologies for An Early Southern Oregon Coastal Site

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200035165 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 383-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Roberta Hall ◽

Loren G Davis ◽

Samuel Willis ◽

Matthew Fillmore

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Texture Classification ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Middle Holocene ◽

History Of

Radiocarbon dates together with geoarchaeological, soil, and lithic analyses are presented to describe archaeological site 35-CS-9 in Bandon Ocean Wayside State Park, Oregon, northwestern USA. One of the few Oregon middle-Holocene coastal sites that includes sediments and artifacts dating to the early Holocene and possibly to the late Pleistocene, it was recorded in 1951 and surface surveyed by archaeologists in 1975, 1986, and 1991, but its depth and antiquity were not tested. In February 2002, we studied the site's stratigraphy and sediments and described 8 strata from the aeolian surface to bedrock at 350 cm depth. Soil samples taken from a cut bank for texture classification, particle size analysis, pH, carbon content, and chemical analysis suggested that the site represented a complete history of Holocene deposits. Excavation of 2 test units in August 2002 uncovered substantial lithic and charcoal remains that confirm a protracted middle-Holocene occupation and suggest that human occupation began in the early Holocene. Charcoal recovered at 235–245 cm dated to 11,000 14C BP, and the deepest lithic artifact was recovered in a level at 215–225 cm. Whether the human occupation was continuous throughout the Holocene, and whether it began in the early Holocene or in the late Pleistocene, can only be determined with further excavations.

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