Increased Expression of Two Multidrug Transporter-Like Genes Is Associated with Ethidium Bromide and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma hominis

ABSTRACT Two genes, md1 and md2, coding for multidrug resistance ATP-binding cassette transporters were identified in Mycoplasma hominis PG21. Expression of these two genes, quantified by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR, was significantly increased in ethidium bromide-resistant strains of M. hominis compared to that in M. hominis PG21.

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A Novel ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Involved in Multidrug Resistance in the Phytopathogenic FungusPenicillium digitatum

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.10.3983-3988.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 3983-3988 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Ryoji Nakaune ◽

Kiichi Adachi ◽

Osamu Nawata ◽

Masamitsu Tomiyama ◽

Katsumi Akutsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Resistant Strain ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Penicillium Digitatum ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Multidrug Resistance Gene ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Amino Acid Homology ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

ABSTRACT Demethylation inhibitor (DMI)-resistant strains of the plant pathogenic fungus Penicillium digitatum were shown to be simultaneously resistant to cycloheximide, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO), and acriflavine. APMR1 (Penicillium multidrug resistance) gene encoding an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (P-glycoprotein) was cloned from a genomic DNA library of a DMI-resistant strain (LC2) ofPenicillium digitatum by heterologous hybridization with a DNA fragment containing an ABC-encoding region from Botrytis cinerea. Sequence analysis revealed significant amino acid homology to the primary structures of PMR1 (protein encoded by thePMR1 gene) and ABC transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PDR5 and SNQ2), Schizosaccharomyces pombe(HBA2), Candida albicans (CDR1), and Aspergillus nidulans (AtrA and AtrB). Disruption of the PMR1 gene of P. digitatum DMI-resistant strain LC2 demonstrated that PMR1 was an important determinant of resistance to DMIs. The effective concentrations inhibiting radial growth by 50% (EC50s) and the MICs of fenarimol and bitertanol for the PMR1disruptants (Δpmr1 mutants) were equivalent to those for DMI-sensitive strains. Northern blot analysis indicated that severalfold more PMR1 transcript accumulated in the DMI-resistant strains compared with those in DMI-sensitive strains in the absence of fungicide. In both DMI-resistant and -sensitive strains, transcription of PMR1 was strongly enhanced within 10 min after treatment with the DMI fungicide triflumizole. These results suggested that the toxicant efflux system comprised of PMR1 participates directly in the DMI resistance of the fungus.

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The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters in plants

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2005.11.056 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 580 (4) ◽

pp. 1112-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 148

Author(s):

Markus Klein ◽

Bo Burla ◽

Enrico Martinoia

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

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Role of ATP-binding cassette transporters, apoptosis, and long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer multidrug resistance

World Chinese Journal of Digestology ◽

10.11569/wcjd.v25.i32.2838 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (32) ◽

pp. 2838-2850

Author(s):

Zhao-Ying Fu

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

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Multidrug resistance in Aspergillus nidulans involves novel ATP-binding cassette transporters

MGG Molecular & General Genetics ◽

10.1007/s004380050434 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 254 (4) ◽

pp. 417-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

G. Del Sorbo ◽

A. C. Andrade ◽

J. G. M. Van Nistelrooy ◽

J. A. L. Van Kan ◽

E. Balzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Aspergillus Nidulans ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

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Evidence of Active Efflux in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and to Ethidium Bromide by Mycoplasma hominis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.3.672-679.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 672-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

S. Raherison ◽

P. Gonzalez ◽

H. Renaudin ◽

A. Charron ◽

C. Bébéar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethidium Bromide ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Susceptible Strain ◽

Active Efflux ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Energy Dependent

ABSTRACT The uptake of fluoroquinolones was characterized for the fluoroquinolone-susceptible strain PG21 of Mycoplasma hominis. Accumulation of fluoroquinolones appeared to occur by passive diffusion. Addition of arginine as the energizer significantly reduced the uptake of fluoroquinolones, suggesting the presence of an energy-dependent efflux process. Reserpine and orthovanadate, two multidrug pump inhibitors, increased significantly the ciprofloxacin (CIP) uptake. In contrast, such a strong effect was not observed for moxifloxacin and pefloxacin uptakes. Two ethidium bromide (EtBr)-resistant strains, selected in vitro, showed a resistance profile compatible with a multidrug-resistant phenotype, with increased MICs for the hydrophilic fluoroquinolones, CIP and norfloxacin, EtBr, and acriflavine. Taking the EtBr-resistant strain RB1La as a model, a significant decrease of the CIP and EtBr uptakes was observed compared to the reference strain PG21. In the presence of reserpine and orthovanadate, both inhibitors of ATP-dependent efflux pumps, the CIP uptake increased significantly, reaching approximately the same level as that of the susceptible strain. Similar results were obtained with EtBr uptake and efflux experiments. Our data suggest the presence of an active efflux system, possibly an ABC-type efflux pump, implicated in the resistance to CIP and unrelated compounds like EtBr in the human mycoplasma M. hominis.

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Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Expression Profiling of the Complete Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Superfamily in Various Tissues

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/49.2.230 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 230-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 183

Author(s):

Thomas Langmann ◽

Richard Mauerer ◽

Alexandra Zahn ◽

Christoph Moehle ◽

Mario Probst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Abc Transporter ◽

Abc Transporters ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Atp Binding ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Atp Binding Cassette

Abstract Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in many physiologic processes, such as lipid transport, sterol homeostasis, immune mechanisms, and drug transport, and cause various human inherited diseases. Thus, the analysis of ABC transporter mRNA expression profiles for basic research, especially in the field of lipid metabolism, for clinical diagnosis, and for monitoring of drug effects is of great interest. Methods: We have developed a rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method for detection and quantification of all 47 currently known members of the ABC transporter superfamily. Our expression analysis is based on relative quantification using a calibration curve method. With our assay, expression monitoring of a large number of RNA samples in a 384-well format with only 50 ng of total RNA is possible. Results: In contrast to previous expression analyses of single ABC genes, our method allows the rapid and complete analysis of all ABC transporters in given RNA samples. We used our newly established expression panel to study the gene expression of all human ABC transporters in 20 different human tissues. As a result, we identified tissues with high transcriptional activity for ABC transporters. These organs are mainly involved in secretory function (adrenal gland), metabolic function (liver), barrier function (lung, trachea, small intestine), and tropic function (placenta, uterus). Conclusions: Our RT-PCR assay allows rapid, high-throughput transcriptional profiling of the complete ABC transporter superfamily and thus provides a new enabling tool for research, clinical diagnosis of disease, and drug testing and development.

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