scholarly journals Antibody Responses in the Lower Respiratory Tract and Male Urogenital Tract in Humans after Nasal and Oral Vaccination with Cholera Toxin B Subunit

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2884-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rudin ◽  
Gerdt C. Riise ◽  
Jan Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Immunization

ABSTRACT Nasal vaccine delivery is superior to oral delivery in inducing specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract. Although an antibody response in the nasal passages is important in protecting against primary colonization with lung pathogens, antibodies in the lungs are usually required as well. We immunized 15 male volunteers twice nasally or orally with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and determined the specific antibody levels in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and urine before and 2 weeks after immunization. Nasal immunization induced fivefold increases in the levels of specific IgA antibodies in BAL fluid of most volunteers, whereas there were no significant specific IgA responses after oral immunization. The specific IgG antibody level increased eightfold in BAL fluid in the nasally vaccinated subjects, and the major part of IgG had most probably been transferred from serum. Since the specific IgG response in serum was lower in the individuals vaccinated orally, the IgG response in BAL fluid in this group was also lower and not significant. In conclusion, nasal immunization is also preferable to the oral route when vaccinating against lower respiratory tract infections, and a systemic immune response is considerably more important in the lower than in the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, both nasal and oral immunizations were able to stimulate 6- to 10-fold specific IgA and IgG responses in urine in about half of the individuals, which indicates that distant mucosal vaccination might be used to prevent adhesion of pathogens to the urogenital tract.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Responses and IgE-Associated Inflammation along the Respiratory Tract after Mucosal but Not Systemic Immunization

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2328-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hodge ◽  
Mariarosaria Marinaro ◽  
Harlan P. Jones ◽  
Jerry R. McGhee ◽  
Hiroshi Kiyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucosal Adjuvant ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Immunization ◽  
Nasal Passages

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic responses, within the upper and lower respiratory tracts after intranasal immunization using the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with influenza virus vaccine combined with CT. The inclusion of the mucosal adjuvant CT clearly enhanced generation of antibody responses in both the nasal passages and lungs. After nasal immunization, antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-forming cells dominated antibody responses throughout the respiratory tract. However, IgG responses were significant in lungs but not in nasal passages. Furthermore, parenteral immunization did not enhance humoral immunity in the upper respiratory tract even after a nasal challenge, whereas extrapulmonary lymphoid responses enhanced responses in the lung. After nasal immunization, inflammatory reactions, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, developed within the lungs of mice but not in nasal passages. Lowering dosages of CT reduced, but did not eliminate, these adverse reactions without compromising adjuvancy. Serum IgE responses were also enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by inclusion of CT. In summary, there are differences in the generation of humoral immunity between the upper respiratory tract and the lung. As the upper respiratory tract is in a separate compartment of the immune system from that stimulated by parenteral immunization, nasal immunization is an optimal approach to generate immunity throughout the respiratory tract. Despite the promise of nasal immunization, there is also the potential to develop adverse immunopathologic reactions characterized by pulmonary airway inflammation and IgE production.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Local and Systemic Immune Responses after Vaginal Immunization with Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Wassen ◽  
Marianne Jertborn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Vaginal vaccination seems to be the best strategy for inducing specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses in the female genital tract. The relative efficiencies of one, two, and three vaginal doses of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in generating mucosal and systemic immune responses in healthy women were evaluated, and the kinetics of the immune responses were monitored for responding volunteers for up to 12 months after the last vaccination. A single dose of CTB failed to generate CTB-specific IgA antibody responses in cervical secretions. Two vaccinations induced significant increases in IgA antitoxin titers in seven of nine volunteers, and four volunteers also developed IgG antitoxin responses. The magnitudes of the responses were 20-fold for IgA antitoxin and 7.1-fold for IgG antitoxin. A third vaccination did not significantly increase the antitoxin responses, although the frequency of IgG responses was slightly higher than that after the second vaccination. In serum, CTB-specific antibodies were observed already after a single vaccination. However, two vaccinations were required to induce marked IgA as well as IgG antitoxin titer increases in the majority of volunteers. The postvaccination levels of antitoxin antibodies in serum were comparable after two and three vaccinations. At 12 months after vaccination, significantly elevated IgA and IgG antitoxin levels in cervical secretions could still be detected in approximately half of the volunteers who had initially responded to the vaccine. Antitoxin titer increases in serum were found in most of the vaccinees at follow-up.

scholarly journals Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Rectal Administration of Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4125-4128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jertborn ◽  
Inger Nordström ◽  
Anders Kilander ◽  
Cecil Czerkinsky ◽  
Jan Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

ABSTRACT The induction of immune responses to rectally administered recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in humans was studied. Three immunizations induced high levels of CTB-specific antibody-secreting cells, particular of the immunoglobulin A isotype, in both rectum and peripheral blood. Antitoxin antibody responses in rectal secretions and serum were also found.

scholarly journals Case Report: Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in the Presence of High Levels of Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Antibody Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Schulte ◽  
Benjamin Marx ◽  
Marek Korencak ◽  
Dorian Emmert ◽  
Souhaib Aldabbagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Upper Respiratory

We present a case of SARS-CoV-2 B.1. 525 infection in a healthcare worker despite the presence of highly neutralizing, multivariant-specific antibodies 7 weeks after full vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. We show that the virus replicated to high levels in the upper respiratory tract over the course of several days in the presence of strong antibody responses. The virus was readily propagatable in vitro, demonstrating the potential to transmit to others, bolstered by the fact that several household members were equally infected. This highlights the importance of protective measures even in vaccinated individuals.

scholarly journals Local and systemic antibody responses to dextran-cholera toxin B subunit conjugates.

1995 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 2021-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bergquist ◽  
T Lagergård ◽  
M Lindblad ◽  
J Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Cholera Toxin B ◽  
B Subunit
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document