scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Glycopeptide-ResistantEnterococcus faecium Isolates Collected from Michigan Hospitals over a 6-Year Period

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3303-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeeAnn Thal ◽  
Susan Donabedian ◽  
Barbara Robinson-Dunn ◽  
Joseph W. Chow ◽  
Louise Dembry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Extended Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the molecular relatedness of clinical isolates of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates collected from hospitals in Michigan. A total of 379 isolates used in this study were all vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates collected from 28 hospitals and three extended-care facilities over a 6-year period from 1991 to 1996. For the 379 isolates, there were 73 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) strain types. Within strain types, there were as many as six restriction fragment differences. Most isolates (70%) belonged to six strain types, which were designated M1 (36%), M2 (3%), M3 (18%), M4 (6%), M10 (4%), and M11 (3%). PFGE strain M1 was cultured from 135 patients in 13 hospitals during the period 1993 to 1996. Strain type M2 was cultured from 11 patients in two hospitals during the period 1991 to 1992 and was not observed after 1992. Strain type M3 was cultured from 70 patients in 10 hospitals during the period of 1994 to 1996. Both M4 and M10 were cultured from 23 patients in three hospitals and from 15 patients in two hospitals, respectively, during 1995 to 1996. M11 was cultured from 13 patients in four hospitals during 1996. A total of 23 of 28 hospitals had evidence of clonal dissemination of some isolates. Plasmid content and hybridization analysis done on 103 isolates from one hospital and two affiliated extended-care facilities indicated that the strains contained from one to eight plasmids. Mating experiments indicated transfer of vancomycin resistance from 94 of these isolates into plasmid-free E. faecium GE-1 at transfer frequencies of <10−9 to 10−4. Gentamicin resistance and erythromycin resistance were cotransferred at various frequencies. A probe for the vanA gene hybridized to the plasmids of 23 isolates and to the chromosomes of 72 isolates. A probe for the vanB gene hybridized to the chromosomes of 8 isolates. The results of this study suggest inter- and intrahospital dissemination of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains over a 6-year period in southeastern Michigan. The majority of isolates studied belonged to the same few PFGE strains, indicating that clonal dissemination was responsible for most of the spread of resistance that occurred.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genomic Methods for Differentiating Strains of Enterococcus faecium: Assessment Using Clinical Epidemiologic Data

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3327-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Savor ◽  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Julie A. Kruszynski ◽  
Richard J. Hollis ◽  
Gary A. Noskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

Genomic DNA extracted from 45 vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium (VRE) isolates was cleaved withHindIII and HaeIII and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. The ability of this method (restriction endonuclease analysis [REA]) to distinguish strains at the subspecies level was compared with results previously determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Chart reviews were performed to provide a clinical correlation of possible epidemiologic relatedness. A likely clinical association was found for 29 patients as part of two outbreaks. REA found 21 of 21 isolates were the same type in the first outbreak, with PFGE calling 19 strains the same type. In the second outbreak with eight patient isolates, HindIII found six were the same type and two were unique types. HaeIII found three strains were the same type, two strains were a separate type, and three more strains were unique types, while PFGE found three were the same type and five were unique types. No single “ideal” method can be used without clinical epidemiologic investigation, but any of these techniques is helpful in providing focus to infection control practitioners assessing possible outbreaks of nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium: Catheter Colonization, esp Gene, and Decreased Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Biofilm

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5046-5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam I. Raad ◽  
Hend A. Hanna ◽  
Maha Boktour ◽  
Gassan Chaiban ◽  
Ray Y. Hachem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Catheter Colonization ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gastrointestinal Colonization

ABSTRACT To evaluate the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility in biofilm of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) organisms that had caused catheter-related VREF bacteremia (VREF-CRB), we compared 22 isolates causing bacteremia obtained from patients with VREF-CRB with 30 isolates from control patients with gastrointestinal colonization by VREF. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we identified 17 unique strains among the 22 VREF-CRB isolates and 23 strains among the gastrointestinal isolates. The esp gene was detected in 53% (9 of 17) of the VREF-CRB and 61% (14 of 23) of the control strains (P = 0.6). VREF-CRB produced heavier biofilm colonization of silicone disks than did control organisms (P < 0.001). Daptomycin, minocycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin were each independently more active than linezolid in reducing biofilm colonization by VREF-CRB (P < 0.01), with daptomycin being the most active, followed by minocycline. In conclusion, the esp gene in VREF is not associated with heavy biofilm colonization or catheter-related bacteremia. In biofilm, daptomycin and minocycline were the most active antibiotics against VREF, and linezolid was the least active.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Portuguese Hospitals

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 3073-3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Novais ◽  
João C. Sousa ◽  
Teresa M. Coque ◽  
Luísa V. Peixe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Geographical Locations

ABSTRACT Fifty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types and 17 Tn1546 variants were identified among 101 Enterococcus faecium isolates recovered in three distant Portuguese hospitals. Intra- and interhospital dissemination of specific strains and Tn1546 types was detected, which might largely contribute to the endemicity of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in Portuguese hospitals, as happened previously in other geographical locations.

scholarly journals Identification of VanN-Type Vancomycin Resistance in an Enterococcus faecium Isolate from Chicken Meat in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6389-6392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nomura ◽  
Koichi Tanimoto ◽  
Keigo Shibayama ◽  
Yoshichika Arakawa ◽  
Shuhei Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Faecium Isolate ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACTFive VanN-type vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faeciumstrains were isolated from a sample of domestic chicken meat in Japan. All isolates showed low-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC, 12 mg/liter) and had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile. The vancomycin resistance was encoded on a large plasmid (160 kbp) and was expressed constitutively. The VanN-type resistance operon was identical to the first resistance operon to be reported, with the exception of a 1-bp deletion invanTNand a 1-bp substitution invanSN.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4382-4385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Poole ◽  
M. E. Hume ◽  
L. D. Campbell ◽  
H. M. Scott ◽  
W. Q. Alali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Food System ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Fecal Waste

ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains (VRE) were isolated from human wastewater but not swine fecal waste from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas. Forty-nine VRE isolates possessed vanA, and one possessed vanB. Twenty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types were identified and segregated into three groups. There was evidence of clonal dissemination among geographically separated sites.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Turkey Flocks Fed Virginiamycin

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Welton ◽  
L. A. Thal ◽  
M. B. Perri ◽  
S. Donabedian ◽  
J. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT From 125 separate cloacal cultures from three turkey flocks fed virginiamycin, 104 Enterococcus faecium and 186Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained. As the turkeys aged, there was a higher percentage of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium isolates, with isolates from the oldest flock being 100% resistant. There were no vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated there were 11 PFGE types of E. faecalis and 7 PFGE types of E. faecium that were in more than one group of flock cultures.

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