scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Disease Due to Mycobacterium bovis in Humans in the United Kingdom

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Gibson ◽  
G. Hewinson ◽  
T. Goodchild ◽  
B. Watt ◽  
A. Story ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Evaluation of the CervidTB STAT-PAK for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Wild Deer in Great Britain

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gowtage-Sequeira ◽  
A. Paterson ◽  
K. P. Lyashchenko ◽  
S. Lesellier ◽  
M. A. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wild Deer ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Deer are acknowledged as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of bTB in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of bTB in samples from wild deer species in the United Kingdom. Fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from areas in Wales, the Cotswolds, and southwestern England were necropsied for a bTB survey. Serum samples from individual deer were tested with the CervidTB STAT-PAK, and the results were evaluated against the culture of M. bovis from tissues (n = 432). Sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1 to 99.6%) and 94.8% (95% CI, 92.3 to 96.7%), respectively, with an odds ratio of 109.9 (95% CI, 12.7 to 953.6%) for a positive STAT-PAK result among culture-positive deer. The low prevalence of infection (3.8%, n = 860) affected the confidence of the sensitivity estimate of the test, but all culture-positive fallow deer (n = 6) were detected by the test. In addition, antibodies to M. bovis could be detected in poor-quality serum samples. The results suggest that the CervidTB STAT-PAK could be deployed as a field test for further evaluation.

scholarly journals Investigating Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in the United Kingdom in 2005 to 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mandal ◽  
L. Bradshaw ◽  
L. F. Anderson ◽  
T. Brown ◽  
J. T. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination of Guinea Pigs with a Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine in a Lipid Matrix Protects against Aerosol Infection with Virulent M. bovis

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3771-3776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Clark ◽  
Martin L. Cross ◽  
Allan Nadian ◽  
Julia Vipond ◽  
Pinar Court ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government ◽  
Aerosol Infection

ABSTRACT Increased incidence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in the United Kingdom caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a cause of considerable economic loss to farmers and the government. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) represents a wildlife source of recurrent M. bovis infections of cattle in the United Kingdom, and its vaccination against TB with M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attractive disease control option. Delivery of BCG in oral bait holds the best prospect for vaccinating badgers over a wide geographical area. Using a guinea pig pulmonary challenge model, we evaluated the protective efficacy of candidate badger oral vaccines, based on broth-grown or ball-milled BCG, delivered either as aqueous suspensions or formulated in two lipids with differing fatty acid profiles (one being animal derived and the other being vegetable derived). Protection was determined in terms of increasing body weight after aerosol challenge with virulent M. bovis, reduced dissemination of M. bovis to the spleen, and, in the case of one oral formulation, restricted growth of M. bovis in the lungs. Only oral BCG formulated in lipid gave significant protection. These data point to the potential of the BCG-lipid formulation for further development as a tool for controlling tuberculosis in badgers.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Sharma ◽  
Debra Smith ◽  
Claire E. Turner ◽  
Laurence Game ◽  
Bruno Pichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

scholarly journals The molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in inner London

2002 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. HAYWARD ◽  
S. GOSS ◽  
F. DROBNIEWSKI ◽  
N. SAUNDERS ◽  
R. J. SHAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Inverse Pcr ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Local Transmission

The study used DNA fingerprint typing (spoligotyping and Heminested-Inverse-PCR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from all culture-confirmed inner London patients over a 12-month period to describe transmission. The methodology was evaluated by comparison with standard IS6110 typing and by examining its ability to identify known household clusters of cases. Isolates sharing indistinguishable typing patterns using both techniques were defined as clustered. Clusters were investigated to identify epidemiological links. The methodology showed good discriminatory power and identified known household clusters of cases. Of 694 culture-confirmed cases, 563 (81%) were typed. Eleven (2%) were due to laboratory cross-contamination and were excluded. Of the remaining 552 isolates 148 (27%) were clustered. Multivariate analysis indicated that clustering was more common in those with pulmonary smear positive disease (P<0·02); those born in the United Kingdom (P<0·0003) and in patients living in south London (P = 0·02). There was also a trend towards clustering being more common in those not known to have HIV infection (P = 0·051). The results suggest that in inner London, recent local transmission makes an important contribution to notification rates.

scholarly journals Variation in the Early Host-Pathogen Interaction of Bovine Macrophages with Divergent Mycobacterium bovis Strains in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Jensen ◽  
Iain J. Gallagher ◽  
Nicholas Johnston ◽  
Michael Welsh ◽  
Robin Skuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis has been an escalating animal health issue in the United Kingdom since the 1980s, even though control policies have been in place for over 60 years. The importance of the genetics of the etiological agent, Mycobacterium bovis , in the reemergence of the disease has been largely overlooked. We compared the interaction between bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (bMDM) and two M. bovis strains, AF2122/97 and G18, representing distinct genotypes currently circulating in the United Kingdom. These M. bovis strains exhibited differences in survival and growth in bMDM. Although uptake was similar, the number of viable intracellular AF2122/97 organisms increased rapidly, while G18 growth was constrained for the first 24 h. AF2122/97 infection induced a greater transcriptional response by bMDM than G18 infection with respect to the number of differentially expressed genes and the fold changes measured. AF2122/97 infection induced more bMDM cell death, with characteristics of necrosis and apoptosis, more inflammasome activation, and a greater type I interferon response than G18. In conclusion, the two investigated M. bovis strains interact in significantly different ways with the host macrophage. In contrast to the relatively silent infection by G18, AF2122/97 induces greater signaling to attract other immune cells and induces host cell death, which may promote secondary infections of naive macrophages. These differences may affect early events in the host-pathogen interaction, including granuloma development, which could in turn alter the progression of the disease. Therefore, the potential involvement of M. bovis genotypes in the reemergence of bovine tuberculosis in the United Kingdom warrants further investigation.

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