scholarly journals Comparison between Sequence Analysis and a Line Probe Assay for Testing Genotypic Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Antiretroviral Drugs

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 4186-4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Garcia-Bujalance ◽  
C. L. de Guevara ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
J. R. Arribas ◽  
A. Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Line Probe Assay ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Probe Assay

scholarly journals Line probe assay for rapid detection of drug-selected mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Stuyver ◽  
A Wyseur ◽  
A Rombout ◽  
J Louwagie ◽  
T Scarcez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Line Probe Assay ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Probe Assay ◽  
Hiv 1

Upon prolonged treatment with various antiretroviral nucleoside analogs such as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, (-)- beta-L-2', 3'dideoxy-3'thiacytidine and 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine, selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains with mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene has been reported. We designed a reverse hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) for the rapid and simultaneous characterization of the following variations in the RT gene: M41 or L41; T69, N69, A69, or D69; K70 or R70; L74 or V74; V75 or T75; M184, I184, or V184; T215, Y215, or F215; and K219, Q219, or E219. Nucleotide polymorphisms for codon L41 (TTG or CTG), T69 (ACT or ACA), V75 (GTA or GTG), T215 (ACC or ACT), and Y215 (TAC or TAT) could be detected. In addition to the codons mentioned above, several third-letter polymorphisms in the direct vicinity of the target codons (E40, E42, K43, K73, D76, Q182, Y183, D185, G213, F214, and L214) were found, and specific probes were selected. In total, 48 probes were designed and applied to the LiPA test strips and optimized with a well-characterized and representative reference panel. Plasma samples from 358 HIV-infected patients were analyzed with all 48 probes. The amino acid profiles could be deduced by LiPA hybridization in an average of 92.7% of the samples for each individual codon. When combined with changes in viral load and CD4+ T-cell count, this LiPA approach proved to be useful in studying genetic resistance in follow-up samples from antiretroviral agent-treated HIV-1-infected individuals.

scholarly journals Human Vault Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs to Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 2216-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Fulcher ◽  
Kyle Tamshen ◽  
Alexander L. Wollenberg ◽  
Valerie A. Kickhoefer ◽  
Jan Mrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Sequence Note: Sequence Analysis of the Glycoprotein 120 Coding Region of a New Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype G Strain from Russia

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1385-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSEI BOBKOV ◽  
RACHANEE CHEINGSONG-POPOV ◽  
NATALIA KARASYOVA ◽  
LUDMILA SELIMOVA ◽  
ALEKSEI KRAVCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Theoretical Design of a Gene Therapy To Prevent AIDS but Not Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 10028-10036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leor S. Weinberger ◽  
David V. Schaffer ◽  
Adam P. Arkin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Recent reports confirm that, due to the presence of long-lived, latently infected cell populations, eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from infected patients by using antiretroviral drugs will be exceedingly difficult. An alternative to virus eradication may be to use gene therapy to induce a pseudo-latent state in virus-producing cells, thus transforming HIV-1 into a lifelong, but manageable, virus. Conditionally replicating HIV-1 (crHIV-1) gene therapy vectors provide an avenue for subduing HIV-1 expression in infected cells (by creating a parasite, crHIV-1, of the parasite HIV-1), potentially reducing the HIV-1 set point and delaying AIDS onset. Development of crHIV-1 vectors has proceeded in vitro, but the requirements for a crHIV-1 vector to proliferate and persist in vivo have not been explored. We expand a widely accepted mathematical model of HIV-1 in vivo dynamics to include a crHIV-1 gene therapy virus and derive a simple criterion for designing crHIV-1 viruses that will persist in vivo. The model introduces only two new parameters—HIV-1 inhibition and crHIV-1 production—and both can be experimentally engineered and controlled. Analysis demonstrates that crHIV-1 gene therapy can indefinitely reduce HIV-1 set point to levels comparable to those achieved with highly active antiretroviral therapy, provided crHIV-1 production is more efficient than HIV-1. Paradoxically, highly efficient therapeutic inhibition of HIV-1 was found to be disadvantageous. Thus, the field may benefit by shifting the search for more potent antiviral genes toward engineering optimized therapy viruses that package ultraefficiently while downregulating viral production moderately.

scholarly journals Molecularly Tagged Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Synthetic Swarm for Tracking Independent Infection Events

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 8077-8090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Q. Del Prete ◽  
Haesun Park ◽  
Christine M. Fennessey ◽  
Carolyn Reid ◽  
Leslie Lipkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACTFollowing mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, systemic infection is established by one or only a few viral variants. Modeling single-variant, mucosal transmission in nonhuman primates using limiting-dose inoculations with a diverse simian immunodeficiency virus isolate stock may increase variability between animals since individual variants within the stock may have substantial functional differences. To decrease variability between animals while retaining the ability to enumerate transmitted/founder variants by sequence analysis, we modified the SIVmac239 clone to generate 10 unique clones that differ by two or three synonymous mutations (molecular tags). Transfection- and infection-derived virus stocks containing all 10 variants showed limited phenotypic differences in 9 of the 10 clones. Twenty-nine rhesus macaques were challenged intrarectally or intravenously with either a single dose or repeated, limiting doses of either stock. The proportion of each variant within each inoculum and in plasma from infected animals was determined by using a novel real-time single-genome amplification assay. Each animal was infected with one to five variants, the number correlating with the dose. Longitudinal sequence analysis revealed that the molecular tags are highly stable with no reversion to the parental sequence detected in >2 years of follow-up. Overall, the viral stocks are functional and mucosally transmissible and the number of variants is conveniently discernible by sequence analysis of a small amplicon. This approach should be useful for tracking individual infection events in preclinical vaccine evaluations, long-term viral reservoir establishment/clearance research, and transmission/early-event studies.IMPORTANCEHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission is established by one or only a few viral variants. Modeling of limited variant transmission in nonhuman primates with a diverse simian immunodeficiency virus isolate stock may increase the variability between animals because of functional differences in the individual variants within the stock. To decrease such variability while retaining the ability to distinguish and enumerate transmitted/founder variants by sequence analysis, we generated a viral stock with 10 sequence-identifiable but otherwise genetically identical variants. This virus was characterizedin vitroandin vivoand shown to allow discrimination of distinct transmission events. This approach provides a novel nonhuman primate challenge system for the study of viral transmission, evaluation of vaccines and other prevention approaches, and characterization of viral reservoirs and strategies to target them.

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