Conceptual Exchanges for Understanding Free-Living and Host-Associated Microbiomes

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.01374-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine A. Pfister ◽

Samuel H. Light ◽

Brendan Bohannan ◽

Thomas Schmidt ◽

Adam Martiny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Of Life ◽

Electron Donors ◽

Free Living

Whether a microbe is free-living or associated with a host from across the tree of life, its existence depends on a limited number of elements and electron donors and acceptors. Yet divergent approaches have been used by investigators from different fields.

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Crustacea: Copepoda

10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Marianne Wooton ◽

Claudia Castellani

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Tree Of Life ◽

Ocean Floor ◽

Freshwater Lakes ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Free Living ◽

General Morphology ◽

Wide Range ◽

Family Level

This chapter describes the taxonomy of copepods. Copepods are small aquatic crustaceans and are considered to be one of the most abundant and diverse multi-cellular organisms on earth. Populating a wide range of aquatic habitats, from the deep ocean floor to high Himalayan freshwater lakes, copepods have many free-living as well as highly modified parasitic forms. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

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Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143018 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

W. L. Steffens ◽

Nancy B. Roberts ◽

J. M. Bowen

Keyword(s):

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Structural Description ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Free Living ◽

Canine Heartworm ◽

The World ◽

Synaptic Region ◽

Muscle Innervation ◽

Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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Electronic structure studies of conducting polymers by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163265 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 160-161

Author(s):

J. Fink

Keyword(s):

Electronic Structure ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Conjugated Polymers ◽

Electron Acceptors ◽

Electron Donors ◽

Light Emitting ◽

One Dimensional ◽

New Class ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Conducting polymers comprises a new class of materials achieving electrical conductivities which rival those of the best metals. The parent compounds (conjugated polymers) are quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors. These polymers can be doped by electron acceptors or electron donors. The prototype of these materials is polyacetylene (PA). There are various other conjugated polymers such as polyparaphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polypoyrrole or polythiophene. The doped systems, i.e. the conducting polymers, have intersting potential technological applications such as replacement of conventional metals in electronic shielding and antistatic equipment, rechargable batteries, and flexible light emitting diodes.Although these systems have been investigated almost 20 years, the electronic structure of the doped metallic systems is not clear and even the reason for the gap in undoped semiconducting systems is under discussion.

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