PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE FISH LAKE VALLEY FAULT ZONE (FLVFZ) AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH NORMAL FAULTING WITHIN EUREKA AND DEEP SPRINGS VALLEY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lawson ◽  
◽  
An Yin ◽  
Edward J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Fish Lake Valley

The Schneeberg Normal Fault Zone: Normal faulting associated with Cretaceous SE-directed extrusion in the Eastern Alps (Italy/Austria)

2005 ◽  
Vol 401 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmuth Sölva ◽  
Bernhard Grasemann ◽  
Martin Thöni ◽  
Rasmus Thiede ◽  
Gerlinde Habler
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Normal Faulting

Sinistral to Normal Faulting along the Tan‐Lu Fault Zone: Evidence for Geodynamic Switching of the East China Continental Margin

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Zhu ◽  
Manlan Niu ◽  
Chenglong Xie ◽  
Yongsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
East China ◽  
Normal Faulting

scholarly journals RECENT SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL GREECE REVEALING LOCAL SEISMOTECTONIC PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Ch. K. Karamanos ◽  
V. G. Karakostas ◽  
L. Seeber ◽  
E. E. Papadimitriou ◽  
A.A. Kilias
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
Lateral Component ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
The Town

The December 2008, M=5.2 earthquake occurred in the Voiotikos–Kifissos basin near the town of Amfikleia in Central Greece and was followed by an intense sequence with hundreds of earthquakes. Mainshock source characteristics derived from the recordings of the Greek National Seismological Network are consistent with previous known earthquakes as well as with the current nearly N–S extensional regime. The adequate azimuthal coverage and the calculated time residuals at each seismological station ensure high location accuracy, whereas the stations operated close to the seismic excitations constrained 80% of the focal depths between 8 and 12km. Distances from the mainshock epicenter to the 10 closest seismological stations vary from 15 to 75 km. Hypoinverse and HypoDD were used for locations, and FPFIT was used for fault plane solutions of events with an adequate number of clear first arrivals. The hypocenters and focal mechanisms illuminate a ≈10km–long fault zone striking nearly E–W with oblique normal faulting and a small left lateral component. The Voiotikos–Kifissos basin is bordered in the south by two left–stepping en echelon segments known as the Pavliani fault zone and the Parnassos detachment, which strike NW and dip NE. In our preferred interpretation, the Amfikleia mainshock ruptured a previously recognized south–dipping fault antithetic to the basin border faults. This fault may be associated with the left step on the border fault, which would be releasing if that fault had a sinistral component.

scholarly journals Interactions between the prograding Giant Foresets Formation and a subsiding depocentre: Insights from the Parihaka 3D & ES89 2D seismic surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aaron Graeme Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Transport Direction

<p>This seismic interpretation project provides new insights into the interaction between the Pliocene-aged Giant Foresets Formation and the faults bounding the Northern Graben. A newly named fault-bounded depocentre within the North Taranaki Graben, the Arawa Sub-Basin, has subsided during the Pliocene, attracting volumes of sediment across the Parihaka Fault within large-scale channels. The study images kilometer-scale channels and explores the interplay between the progradation of the Giant Foresets Formation and normal faulting along the Cape Egmont Fault Zone. A focus is placed on imaging the provenance and depositional facies of sedimentary packages throughout the foresetting sequence of the Giant Foresets Formation.  Mapping of the Waipipian-Nukumaruan-aged foresetting sequence within the offshore northern Taranaki Basin has previously shown the primary sediment transport direction is primarily NNW. This is contradicted by sediment-transport features mapped within the study area showing the sediment transport direction fluctuates between NE and SE. The primary mechanism of sediment redirection is faulting along the Cape Egmont Fault Zone and subsidence within the North Taranaki Graben, an elongate SW-NE graben within the northern Taranaki Basin. Smaller (˜10s m-scale) channels concentrate into much larger (˜100s m- to km-scale) mega-channels that travel E/NE into the subsiding Arawa Sub-Basin. Volcanic intrusions of the Mohakatino Volcanic Formation have also influenced the evolution of the mega-channels in the study area, via uplift and doming of the seafloor which provided a barrier to the transport of sediment.  The Parihaka 3D and ES89 2D seismic surveys are interpreted using the IHS Kingdom software package to create a basic framework of horizons and faults over the Pliocene-Recent interval. Depth grid maps are produced from the grid of horizon picks. Isochore maps are produced which span key intervals between depth grids. A coherency cube of the Parihaka 3D is generated from the 3D seismic volume using OpendTect. Using the framework of faults and horizons within the coherency cube, imaging sediment transport and deposition features in the vicinity of normal faulting is made possible by flattening on a top foresets horizon and horizontally slicing the data at regular intervals. This recreates past conditions by removing the effects of fault-slip and differential compaction. These “time-slices” contain clear images of channels, canyons and fan-deposits allowing sediment provenance and transport direction to be mapped and interpreted. Finally, seismic section images from the Parihaka 3D and ES89 2D seismic surveys are generated along paths intersecting key geological features within the study area.</p>

Modelling the effects of normal faulting on alluvial river morphodynamics.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessel Woolderink ◽  
Steven Weisscher ◽  
Maarten Kleinhans ◽  
Cornelis Kasse ◽  
Ronald Van Balen
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Alluvial Rivers ◽  
Alluvial River ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Chute Cutoff ◽  
Meander Bends

&lt;p&gt;Normal faulting acts as a forcing on the morphodynamics of alluvial rivers by changing the topographic gradient of the river valley and channel around the fault zone. Normal faulting affects river morphodynamics either instantaneously by surface rupturing earthquakes, or gradually by continuous vertical displacement. The morphodynamic responses to normal faulting range from longitudinal bed profile adjustments to channel pattern changes. However, the effect of faulting on river morphodynamics and morphology is complex, as they also depend on numerous local, non-tectonic characteristics of flow, river bed/bank composition and vegetation cover. Moreover, river response to faulting is often transient. Such time-dependent river response is important to consider when deriving relationships between faulting and river dynamics from a morphological and sedimentological record. To enhance our understanding of river response to tectonic faulting, we used the physics-based, two-dimensional morphodynamic model Nays2D to simulate the responses of a laboratory-scale alluvial river to various faulting and offset scenarios. Our model focusses on the morphodynamic responses at the scale of multiple meander bends around a normal fault zone. Channel sinuosity increases as the downstream meander bend expands as a result of the faulting-enhanced valley gradient, after which a chute cutoff reduces channel sinuosity to a new dynamic equilibrium that is generally higher than the pre-faulting sinuosity. Relative uplift of the downstream part of the river due to a fault leads to reduced fluvial activity upstream, caused by a backwater effect. The position along a meander bend at which faulting occurs has a profound influence on channel sinuosity; fault locations that enhance flow velocities over the point bar result in a faster sinuosity increase and subsequent chute cutoff than locations that cause increased flow velocity directed towards the outer floodplain. Our study shows that inclusion of process-based reasoning in the interpretation of geomorphological and sedimentological observations of fluvial response to faulting improves our understanding of the natural processes involved and, therefore, contributes to better prediction of faulting effects on river morphodynamics.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Timing and rates of Holocene normal faulting along the Black Mountains fault zone, Death Valley, USA

Lithosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt L. Frankel ◽  
Lewis A. Owen ◽  
James F. Dolan ◽  
Jeffrey R. Knott ◽  
Zachery M. Lifton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Normal Faulting
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