Magnetostratigraphy across the end-Permian mass extinction event from the Meishan sections, southeastern China

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hua-Feng Qin ◽  
Kuang He ◽  
Yi-Fei Hou ◽  
Quan-Feng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Normal Polarity ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Geomagnetic Polarity ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale

The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) has been recorded as the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth’s history, although the timing of the marine and terrestrial extinctions remains debatable. We present a new high-resolution magnetostratigraphic succession across the EPME and the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) from the Meishan sections in southeastern China, which contain the global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the Triassic (also the Induan Stage) and the base of the Changhsingian Stage. We identified five normal and five reverse magnetozones, including MS1n to MS5n and MS1r to MS5r, from oldest to youngest, in the Changhsingian and Induan Stages. The Induan Stage was determined to consist of two polarity intervals, where the upper one is reverse (MS5r), and the lower one is normal (MS5n). The Changhsingian Stage is dominated by normal polarity, intercalated with four short-term reverse magnetozones (MS1r to MS4r). Consequently, the PTB and the Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary are clearly located in MS5n and MS1n, respectively. These new magnetostratigraphic results provide a potential reference geomagnetic polarity pattern with which to refine the geomagnetic polarity time scale for the EPME and the Permian-Triassic transition.

scholarly journals Archosauriform footprints in the Lower Triassic of Western Alps and their role in understanding the effects of the Permian-Triassic hyperthermal

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10522
Author(s):  
Fabio Massimo Petti ◽  
Heinz Furrer ◽  
Enrico Collo ◽  
Edoardo Martinetto ◽  
Massimo Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

The most accepted killing model for the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) postulates that massive volcanic eruption (i.e., the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province) led to geologically rapid global warming, acid rain and ocean anoxia. On land, habitable zones were drastically reduced, due to the combined effects of heating, drought and acid rains. This hyperthermal had severe effects also on the paleobiogeography of several groups of organisms. Among those, the tetrapods, whose geographical distribution across the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) was the subject of controversy in a number of recent papers. We here describe and interpret a new Early Triassic (?Olenekian) archosauriform track assemblage from the Gardetta Plateau (Briançonnais, Western Alps, Italy) which, at the Permian-Triassic boundary, was placed at about 11° North. The tracks, both arranged in trackways and documented by single, well-preserved imprints, are assigned to Isochirotherium gardettensis ichnosp. nov., and are here interpreted as produced by a non-archosaurian archosauriform (erytrosuchid?) trackmaker. This new discovery provides further evidence for the presence of archosauriformes at low latitudes during the Early Triassic epoch, supporting a model in which the PTME did not completely vacate low-latitude lands from tetrapods that therefore would have been able to cope with the extreme hot temperatures of Pangaea mainland.

scholarly journals Rapid enhancement of chemical weathering recorded by extremely light seawater lithium isotopes at the Permian–Triassic boundary

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (15) ◽  
pp. 3782-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Sun ◽  
Yilin Xiao ◽  
Yongjun Gao ◽  
Guijie Zhang ◽  
John F. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Li Isotope ◽  
Continental Weathering ◽  
Excessive Nutrients ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Lithium (Li) isotope analyses of sedimentary rocks from the Meishan section in South China reveal extremely light seawater Li isotopic signatures at the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB), which coincide with the most severe mass extinction in the history of animal life. Using a dynamic seawater lithium box model, we show that the light seawater Li isotopic signatures can be best explained by a significant influx of riverine [Li] with light δ7Li to the ocean realm. The seawater Li isotope excursion started ≥300 Ky before and persisted up to the main extinction event, which is consistent with the eruption time of the Siberian Traps. The eruption of the Siberian Traps exposed an enormous amount of fresh basalt and triggered CO2 release, rapid global warming, and acid rains, which in turn led to a rapid enhancement of continental weathering. The enhanced continental weathering delivered excessive nutrients to the oceans that could lead to marine eutrophication, anoxia, acidification, and ecological perturbation, ultimately resulting in the end-Permian mass extinction.

Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from the Candelaria Hills (Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-1000
Author(s):  
Carlo Romano ◽  
Adriana López-Arbarello ◽  
David Ware ◽  
James F. Jenks ◽  
Winand Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

AbstractA new locality for low-latitudinal, Early Triassic fishes was discovered in the Candelaria Hills, southwestern Nevada (USA). The fossils are derived from the lower Candelaria Formation, which was deposited during the middle–late Dienerian (late Induan), ca. 500 ka after the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction event. The articulated and disarticulated Osteichthyes (bony fishes), encompassing both Actinistia (coelacanths) and Actinopterygii (ray-fins), are preserved in large, silicified concretions that also contain rare coprolites. We describe the first actinopterygians from the Candelaria Hills. The specimens are referred toPteronisculus nevadanusnew species (Turseoidae?),Ardoreosomus occidentalisnew genus new species (Ptycholepidae), the stem neopterygianCandelarialepis argentusnew genus new species (Parasemionotidae), and Actinopterygii indet. representing additional taxa.Ardoreosomusn. gen. resembles other ptycholepids, but differs in its more angulate hyomandibula and lack of an elongate opercular process.Candelarialepisn. gen. is one of the largest parasemionotids, distinguished by its bipartite preopercle and scale ornamentation. Presented new species belong to genera (Pteronisculus) or families (Ptycholepidae, Parasemionotidae) that radiated globally after the mass extinction, thus underlining the striking similarities between Early Triassic (pre-Spathian) osteichthyan assemblages. The current data suggest that the diversity of low-latitudinal, Early Triassic bony fishes may have been greater than indicated thus far by the fossil record, probably due to sampling or taphonomic failure. All 24 fossils from the Candelaria Hills represent mid-sized or large osteichthyans, confirming the obvious absence of very small species (≤ 10 cm adult body length) in the beginning of the Mesozoic Era—even in low latitudes.UUID:http://zoobank.org/6a66ac96-d6b7-4617-94db-5a93cdb14215

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Magnetostratigraphy across the end-Permian mass extinction event from the Meishan sections, southeastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yongxin Pan ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction

Data, details of experimental procedures, and supplemental figures and interpretations.

scholarly journals Sponge Takeover from End-Permian Mass Extinction to Early Induan Time: Records in Central Iran Microbial Buildups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymon Baud ◽  
Sylvain Richoz ◽  
Rainer Brandner ◽  
Leopold Krystyn ◽  
Katrin Heindel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Nodular Limestone ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Northwestern Iran ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Platy Limestone ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe biotic crisis in Earth’s history. In its direct aftermath, microbial communities were abundant on shallow-marine shelves around the Tethys. They colonized the space left vacant after the dramatic decline of skeletal metazoans. The presence of sponges and sponge microbial bioherms has largely gone unnoticed due to the sponges’ size and the cryptic method of preservation. In addition to sponge dominated facies recently described in South Armenia and Northwestern Iran, we describe here sponge-microbial bioherms cropping out in two well-known Permian-Triassic boundary localities: the Kuh-e Hambast section, south-east of Abadeh city and the more distal Shahreza section, near Isfahan. In both sections, the extinction horizon is located at the top of an upper Changhsingian ammonoid-rich nodular limestone, called Paratirolites limestone. At Kuh-e Hambast, the overlying decimetric thick shale deposit called “boundary clay,” the latest Permian in age, is conformably overlain by well-dated transgressive basal Triassic platy limestone containing four successive levels of decimeter to meter scale, elongated to form cup-shaped mounds made of branching columnar stromatolites. Sponge fibers from possibly keratose demosponge, are widely present in the lime mudstone matrix. At the Shahreza section, above the extinction level, the boundary clay is much thicker (3 m), with thin platy limestone intervals, and contains two main levels of decimeter to meter scale mounds of digitate microbialite crossing the Permian-Triassic boundary with similar sponge fibers. Three levels rich in thrombolite domes can be seen in the overlying 20 m platy limestone of earliest Triassic age. Sponge fibers and rare spicules are present in their micritic matrix. These sponge fibers and spicules which are abundant in the latest Permian post-extinction boundary clay, followed microbial buildups during the Griesbachian time.

Triassic Foraminifera from the Great Bank of Guizhou, Nanpanjiang Basin, south China: taxonomic account, biostratigraphy, and implications for recovery from end-Permian mass extinction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Demir Altıner ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne ◽  
Daniel J. Lehrmann ◽  
Sevinç Özkan-Altıner ◽  
Brian M. Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Abstract Foraminifera are important components of tropical marine benthic ecosystems and their recovery pattern from the end-Permian mass extinction can yield insights into the Mesozoic history of this group. Here we report the calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera recovered from five measured stratigraphic sections on the Great Bank of Guizhou, an uppermost Permian to Upper Triassic isolated carbonate platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin, south China. The material contains >100 Triassic species, including three that are newly described (Arenovidalina weii n. sp., Meandrospira? enosi n. sp., and Spinoendotebanella lehrmanni n. gen., n. sp.), ranging from Griesbachian (Induan) to Cordevolian (Carnian) age. The species belong to the classes Miliolata, Textulariata, Fusulinata, Nodosariata, and to an unknown class housing all aragonitic forms of the orders Involutinida and Robertinida. Based on previously established conodont zones and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, the Griesbachian (early Induan) through Illyrian (late Anisian) interval has been subdivided into 12 foraminiferal zones and two unnamed intervals devoid of foraminifera. Following the extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, habitable ecological niches of Griesbachian age were invaded by disaster taxa that subsequently became extinct during the Dienerian (late Induan) and left no younger descendants. The disaster taxa were replaced by Lazarus taxa with Permian origins, which were then decimated by the Smithian-Spathian (mid-Olenekian) boundary crisis. The tempo of recovery appears to have been modulated by environmental changes during the Griesbachian through Smithian that involved both climate change and expansion of anoxic ocean bottom waters. Uninterrupted and lasting recovery of benthic foraminifera did not begin until the Spathian. UUID: http://zoobank.org/2a6e9061-b163-402a-9098-8765a80576b3

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