Contribution of Ion Exchange Transformation of the Adsorbed Complex of Atmospheric Aerosols to the Formation of Seawater Salt Composition

Oceanology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-503
Author(s):  
V. S. Savenko ◽  
A. V. Savenko
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Exchange Transformation ◽  
Adsorbed Complex

scholarly journals Contribution of ion-exchange transformation of the adsorbed complex of atmospheric aerosols to the formation of seawater salt composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
V. S. Savenko ◽  
A. V. Savenko
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Exchange Transformation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Adsorbed Complex ◽  
Total Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Total Exchange

Data on the total exchange capacity and composition of the adsorbed complex of terrigenous aerosols generated in arid and semiarid regions of the earth were summarized. It was calculated that as a result of change in composition of the adsorbed complex of aerosols occurring during their interaction with seawater, 2.64–4.86 million tons/year of dissolved Ca2+ are additionally enters into the ocean and 2.45–4.51, 0.73–1.34, and 0.08–0.14 million tons/year of dissolved Na+, K+, and Mg2+, respectively, are removed.

scholarly journals Ion Exchange Transformation of Magic-Sized Clusters

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (22) ◽  
pp. 8391-8398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. White ◽  
Progna Banerjee ◽  
Indranath Chakraborty ◽  
Prashant K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Transformation

scholarly journals Substitution of Ca2+ in Calcite by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations through ion exchange characterized by X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies

MRS Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Junio ◽  
Prae Chirawatkul ◽  
Marlon T. Conato ◽  
Candy C. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exchange Transformation ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Cation Exchange Reaction ◽  
Carbonate Material ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractTin (Sn2+) and strontium (Sr2+), two potential alternatives to lead (Pb2+) in perovskite formation, were explored in transforming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into a leaving group in a cation exchange reaction. This is the first part of a sequential ion exchange process in transforming calcite into a Pb-free perovskite material for perovskite solar cell applications. Calcite, a polymorph of CaCO3, was successfully transformed into strontianite (SrCO3) through a cation exchange reaction. In the Sn substitution reaction on the other hand, no SnCO3 formation was noted. Instead, oxides of Sn were formed. The wider spaces in between Ca2+ cations in (100) orientation account for the higher atomic Sn2+ and Sr2+ concentrations as compared to (001) orientation, where the cation movement is restricted. X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies were used to investigate the ion-exchange transformation of calcite towards the formation of an intermediate carbonate material. Graphic abstract

Self-assembly of cobalt hexacyanoferrate crystals in 1-D array using ion exchange transformation route for enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of alkaline and neutral water

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (25) ◽  
pp. 9781-9788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Thi Bui ◽  
Do Young Ahn ◽  
Nabeen K. Shrestha ◽  
Myung M. Sung ◽  
Joong Kee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Exchange Transformation ◽  
Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate ◽  
Neutral Water

1-D array of Co3[Fe(CN)6]2 film obtained by ion exchange mediated chemical transformation route from Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10 demonstrated an enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of alkaline and neutral water.

Recovery of salts from ion-exchange regeneration streams by a coupled nanofiltration–membrane distillation process

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Jiříček ◽  
Wim De Schepper ◽  
Tomáš Lederer ◽  
Peter Cauwenberg ◽  
Inge Genné
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Ion-exchange tap water demineralization for process water preparation results in a saline regeneration wastewater (20–100 mS cm−1) that is increasingly problematic in view of discharge. A coupled nanofiltration–membrane distillation (NF-MD) process is evaluated for the recovery of water and sodium chloride from this wastewater. NF-MD treatment of mixed regeneration wastewater is compared to NF-MD treatment of separate anion- and cation-regenerate fractions. NF on mixed regeneration wastewater results in a higher flux (30 L m−2 h−1 at 7 bar) compared to NF on the separate fractions (6–9 L m−2 h−1 at 30 bar). NF permeate recovery is strongly limited by scaling (50% for separate and 60% for mixed, respectively). Physical signs of scaling were found during MD treatment of the NF permeates but did not result in flux decline for mixed regeneration wastewater. Final salt composition is expected to qualify as a road de-icing salt. NF-MD is an economically viable alternative compared to external disposal of wastewater for larger-scale installations (1.4 versus 2.5 euro m−3 produced demineralized water for a 10 m3 regenerate per day plant). The cost benefits of water re-use and salt recuperation are small when compared to total treatment costs for mixed regenerate wastewater.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

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