Haplotype Diversity of Mongolian and Tuvan Goat Breeds (Capra hircus) Based on mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Polymorphism

Abstract A theoretical population genetic model is developed to explore the consequences of X-Y recombination in the evolution of sex chromosome polymorphism. The model incorporates one sex-determining locus and one locus subject to natural selection. Both loci have two alleles, and the rate of classical meiotic recombination between the loci is r. The alleles at the sex-determining locus specify whether the chromosome is X or Y, and the alleles at the selected locus are arbitrarily labeled A and a. Natural selection is modeled as a process of differential viabilities. The system can be expressed in terms of three recurrence equations, one for the frequency of A on the X-bearing gametes produced by females, one for each of the frequency of A on the X- and Y-bearing gametes produced by males. Several special cases are examined, including X chromosome dominance and symmetric selection. Unusual equilibria are found with the two sexes having very different allele frequencies at the selected locus. A significant finding is that the allowance of recombination results in a much greater opportunity for polymorphism of the Y chromosome. Tighter linkage results in a greater likelihood for equilibria with a large difference between the sex chromosomes in allele frequency.

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Forensic application of Y-chromosomal STR analysis in Lithuanian population

Biologija ◽

10.6001/biologija.v61i2.3140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Giedrė Ruzgaitė ◽

Marija Čaplinskienė ◽

Rima Baranovienė ◽

Jūratė Jankauskienė ◽

Jolanta Kukienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Haplotype Frequency ◽

Reference Database ◽

Match Probability ◽

Str Analysis ◽

Str Markers ◽

Forensic Casework ◽

Chromosome Gene

This paper presents a comprehensive Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis in the Lithuanian population in order to evaluate Lithuanians’ Y chromosome diversity, to infer genetic relations between Lithuanian and other European neighbouring populations and to introduce population reference data for generation of reliable Y-STR haplotype frequency estimates to be used in the quantitative assessment of Y-STR haplotype match in the forensic casework. Data were collected from the peripheral blood samples of 194 unrelated males throughout various regions of Lithuania. The amplification of 17 Y-STRs was carried out in one multiplex PCR using an AmpFlSTR® Yfiler<sup>TM</sup> PCR Amplication Kit according to the supplier’s protocol. The results indicated that the Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity in the Lithuanian population rises as the number of the analyzed Y-STRs is increased. However, all additional Y-STR loci are not hypervariable and only their whole makes a large diversity of Y-STR haplotypes in Lithuanian males. The analysis of molecular variance revealed low but significant interpopulation differences except the pair of Lithuanian and Latvian populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the clustered Y chromosome gene pool of Lithuanians and Latvians has a closer phylogenetic relation to Russian and Estonian populations and is less genetically related to other neighbouring populations of Belarus and Poland. Yet Y-STRs alleles and haplotypes differentiate effectively inside the Lithuanian population and between Lithuanians and its geographical neighbours excluding the Latvian population. Comparison of the Y-STR data suggests that Lithuanian and Latvian populations are closely related not only by geography and language but also by the Y chromosome gene pool represented by forensic Y-STR markers. Consequently, more forensic Y-STR markers should be included in the Y-STR haplotype in order to achieve a resolution between the Y chromosomes of Lithuanian and Latvian males. Lithuanian Y-STR haplotype data were submitted to the 34th release of the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database 3.0 for match probability calculations in the forensic casework.

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Y-chromosome STR variation in Ukrainian populations

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2015.70.55-61 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

O. Utevska ◽

L. Atramentova ◽

E. Balanovska ◽

O. Balanovsky

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Allele Frequencies ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Population Differences ◽

Match Probability ◽

Str Loci ◽

Carpathian Region ◽

Y Chromosome Str ◽

Forensic Parameters

The haplotype and allele frequencies for 17 STR loci of Y-chromosome were obtained for 1151 indigenous Ukrainians from 13 regional populations representing the major territorial subdivisions of Ukraine. There were no significant inter-population differences. The genetic subdivisions within Ukraine was revealed between Polesie, western and eastern forest-steppe populations. The highest microsatellite variability was observed along the edges of Ukrainian area – in the Carpathian region, Bukovina, Sloboda Ukraine; the lowest – in Polesie. The average haplotype diversity values are higher in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, than in Polesie and the Carpathians. Forensic parameters were calculated: total haplotype diversity HD = 0,998855, match probability MP = 0.00114508, the discrimination capacity DC = 0,89400521.

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The Early Mediaeval Slav-German border (Limes Sorabicus) in the light of research into Y-chromosome polymorphism in contemporary and historical German populations

Geographia Polonica ◽

10.7163/gpol.0190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 569-596

Author(s):

Mariusz Kowalski

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

The West ◽

Political Boundary ◽

Mixed Origin ◽

Historical Accounts

n the 8th century, the first political boundary between Germany (the land of the Franks) and the Slav people – known as Limes Sorabicus – followed the line of the Rivers Elbe and its tributary the Saale. In later centuries this was breached under the influence of an eastwards political expansion of Germany also characterised by developing German colonisation in that same direction (of the so-called Ostsiedlung). The consequence was for German regional communities to take shape to the east of the old Limes Sorabicus. Alongside the emigrants from the west, further participants in the process where autochthonous Slavs and Balts. This mixed origin of the new communities arising is revealed in historical accounts, but also via the results of scientific analyses of various profiles. The genetic research carried out to date supports the above contention, as well as a conclusion that the zone around the old Limes Sorabicus, despite its running through the centre of what is today an ethnically-German area, continues to represent a separation of populations whose ancestors are mainly of distinct origins.

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Y-chromosome polymorphism data in Majorcan, Minorcan and Valencian populations (eastern Spain)

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00605-3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 124 (2-3) ◽

pp. 231-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gema Jiménez ◽

Antònia Picornell ◽

Carmen Tomàs ◽

José A. Castro ◽

M.Misericòrdia Ramon

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

Polymorphism Data

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Two types of mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) Y chromosomes in Quebec

Genome ◽

10.1139/g92-078 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 534-537

Author(s):

Yutaka Nishioka

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

House Mouse ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Repetitive Sequence ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽

Y Chromosomes

A Y chromosomal repetitive sequence identified two types of Y chromosomes in mice (Mus musculus domesticus) caught near Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. One type is apparently identical to the Y chromosome found in Maryland, Delaware, and California, whereas the other type is similar, but not identical, to the Y chromosome present in M.m. poschiavinus, an Alpine race of M.m. domesticus. These findings suggest that the domesticus Y chromosome is highly polymorphic and thus useful for elucidating the relationships among American and European house mouse populations.Key words: mouse Y chromosome, polymorphism, Mus musculus domesticus, repetitive sequence, Quebec.

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