Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation in Stainless Steel under Conditions of High-Speed Penetration of Compact Strikers

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1690-1694
Author(s):  
S. A. Atroshenko ◽  
A. Yu. Grigor’ev ◽  
G. G. Savenkov
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plastic Deformation

scholarly journals Механизмы пластической деформации в нержавеющей стали в условиях высокоскоростного проникания компактных ударников

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
С.А. Атрошенко ◽  
А.Ю. Григорьев ◽  
Г.Г. Савенков
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plastic Deformation

The article presents the results of a study of the behavior of austenitic stainless steel 08Х18Н10Т under conditions of high-speed penetration with speeds of 1.5-2.0 km/s. It is shown that in penetration through the target three penetration zones are observed, differing in the mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture.

scholarly journals Кинетика структуры титанового сплава при высокоскоростном проникании ударника

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
С.А. Атрошенко ◽  
А.Ю. Григорьев ◽  
Г.Г. Савенков
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plastic Deformation

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the behavior of a titanium alloy under conditions of high-speed penetration at a speed of approximately 2.0 km / s. It is shown that in the target during penetration, three penetration zones are observed that differ in the mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture.

scholarly journals Твердофазная низкотемпературная эволюция бинарной системы Pb-Au: через контактные взаимодействия к интерметаллидам, через деструктуризацию к новому многоэлементному состоянию

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
В.И. Рождествина
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plastic Deformation

The article is devoted to the study of the behavior of a titanium alloy under conditions of high-speed penetration at a speed of approximately 2.0 km / s. It is shown that in the target during penetration, three penetration zones are observed that differ in the mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture.

LESCALLOY BG42 VIM-VAR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Hot Hardness

Abstract LESCALLOY BG42 VIM-VAR is a martensitic stainless high-speed steel that combines the temper resistance and hot hardness characteristics of M-50 high-speed steel with the corrosion resistance of AISI Type 440C stainless steel. (See also LESCALLOY BG42, Alloy Digest SS-280, October 1972.) This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-179. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company. Originally published as Lesco BG42, March 1966, revised February 1992. See also Alloy Digest SS-356, October 1978.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Mirosław Szala ◽  
Dariusz Chocyk ◽  
Anna Skic ◽  
Mariusz Kamiński ◽  
Wojciech Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Matrix Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Ion Implantation ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5 × 1016 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ε(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ε-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ε martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of γ phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.

Cutting edge wear in high-speed stainless steel end milling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malekan ◽  
Camilla D. Bloch-Jensen ◽  
Maryam Alizadeh Zolbin ◽  
Klaus B. Ørskov ◽  
Henrik M. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Edge Wear

scholarly journals Microstructural Investigation of a Friction-Welded 316L Stainless Steel with Ultrafine-Grained Structure Obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Beata Skowrońska ◽  
Tomasz Chmielewski ◽  
Mariusz Kulczyk ◽  
Jacek Skiba ◽  
Sylwia Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Ultrafine Grained Structure ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Friction Joint

The paper presents the microstructural investigation of a friction-welded joint made of 316L stainless steel with an ultrafine-grained structure obtained by hydrostatic extrusion (HE). Such a plastically deformed material is characterized by a metastable state of energy equilibrium, increasing, among others, its sensitivity to high temperatures. This feature makes it difficult to weld ultra-fine-grained metals without losing their high mechanical properties. The use of high-speed friction welding and a friction time of <1 s reduced the scale of the weakening of the friction joint in relation to result obtained in conventional rotary friction welding. The study of changes in the microstructure of individual zones of the friction joint was carried out on an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis system. The correlation between the microstructure and hardness of the friction joint is also presented. The heat released during the high-speed friction welding initiated the process of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of single grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The additional occurrence of strong plastic deformations (in HAZ) during flash formation and internal friction (in the friction weld and high-temperature HAZ) contributed to the formation of a highly deformed microstructure with numerous sub-grains. The zones with a microstructure other than the base material were characterized by lower hardness. Due to the complexity of the microstructure and its multifactorial impact on the properties of the friction-welded joint, strength should be the criterion for assessing the properties of the joint.

scholarly journals Verification of electric steel punching simulation results using microhardness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampsa Vili Antero Laakso ◽  
Ugur Aydin ◽  
Peter Krajnik
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Electrical Steel ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Fem Simulations ◽  
Iron Losses ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Electrical Steel Sheet

AbstractOne of the most dominant manufacturing methods in the production of electromechanical devices from sheet metal is punching. In punching, the material undergoes plastic deformation and finally fracture. Punching of an electrical steel sheet causes plastic deformation on the edges of the part, which affects the magnetic properties of the material, i.e., increases iron losses in the material, which in turn has a negative effect on the performance of the electromagnetic devices in the final product. Therefore, punching-induced iron losses decrease the energy efficiency of the device. FEM simulations of punching have shown significantly increased plastic deformation on the workpiece edges with increasing tool wear. In order to identify the critical tool wear, after which the iron losses have increased beyond acceptable limits, the simulation results must be verified with experimental methods. The acceptable limits are pushed further in the standards by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The new standard (IEC TS 60034-30-2:2016) has much stricter limits regarding the energy efficiency of electromechanical machines, with an IE5 class efficiency that exceeds the previous IE4 class (IEC 60034-30-1:2014) requirements by 30%. The simulations are done using Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Deform, a finite element software for material processing simulations. The electrical steel used is M400-50A, and the tool material is Vanadis 23, a powder-based high-speed steel. Vanadis 23 is a high alloyed powder metallurgical high-speed steel with a high abrasive wear resistance and a high compressive strength. It is suitable for cold work processing like punching. In the existing literature, FEM simulations and experimental methods have been incorporated for investigating the edge deformation properties of sheared surfaces, but there is a research gap in verifying the simulation results with the experimental methods. In this paper, FEM simulation of the punching process is verified using an electrical steel sheet from real production environment and measuring the deformation of the edges using microhardness measurements. The simulations show high plastic deformation 50 μm into the workpiece edge, a result that is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

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