Controversies on neuroprotection therapy in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

ObjectiveThere has long been a great interest in neuroprotection therapy for ischaemic stroke and various types of optic neuropathies. In view of that, I reviewed the literature on the role of neuroprotection for non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION).MethodsThe review is based on a PubMed search of literature about the use of neuroprotectors in stroke and optic neuropathies and about current clinical trials of RPh201 and QPI-1007 in NA-AION.ResultsSeveral neuroprotection agents for ischaemic stroke and various types of optic neuropathies have been evaluated extensively in experimental studies in animals and benefits claimed. However, translation of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection from experimental research to humans has invariably been fraught with failure. Two currently ongoing studies dealing with neuroprotection by RPh201 and QPI-1007 in NA-AION may have limitations in their rationale and study designs.ConclusionsUnfortunately, in spite of all the experimental and clinical research on neuroprotection agents in NA-AION so far, we have no scientifically proven evidence of neuroprotection agents showing any benefit in the human clinical studies so far.

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Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy after coronary artery bypass graft: the role of anaemia in diabetics

Eye ◽

10.1038/sj.eye.6701979 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 706-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A M Mansour ◽

S T Awwad ◽

D M Najjar ◽

A N Sibai ◽

A M Sibai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Bypass Graft ◽

Artery Bypass Graft ◽

Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽

Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

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The Role of Aspirin in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

Neuro-Ophthalmology ◽

10.3109/01658100903582811 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sohan Singh Hayreh

Keyword(s):

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽

Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

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Role of aspirin in reducing the frequency of second eye involvement in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Eye ◽

10.1038/eye.1999.90 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 357-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ophira Salomon ◽

Ruth Huna-Baron ◽

David M Steinberg ◽

Shimon Kurtz ◽

Uri Seligsohn

Keyword(s):

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽

Eye Involvement ◽

Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

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ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis in Human Cancer: Potential Role for Pediatric Tumors

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450121666200210124217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 892-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana Luiza Ataide Carneiro de Paula Gonzaga ◽

Vitória Andrade Palmeira ◽

Thomas Felipe Silva Ribeiro ◽

Larissa Braga Costa ◽

Karla Emília de Sá Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Pediatric Cancer ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

At1 Receptor ◽

Pediatric Tumors ◽

Mas Receptor

Background: Pediatric tumors remain the highest cause of death in developed countries. Research on novel therapeutic strategies with lesser side effects is of utmost importance. In this scenario, the role of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) axes, the classical one formed by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II and AT1 receptor and the alternative axis composed by ACE2, Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor, have been investigated in cancer. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the pathophysiological role of RAS in cancer, evidence for anti-tumor effects of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis and future therapeutic perspectives for pediatric cancer. Methods: Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo were searched in regard to RAS molecules in human cancer and pediatric patients. The search terms were “RAS”, “ACE”, “Angiotensin-(1-7)”, “ACE2”, “Angiotensin II”, “AT1 receptor”, “Mas receptor”, “Pediatric”, “Cancer”. Results: Experimental studies have shown that Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits the growth of tumor cells and reduces local inflammation and angiogenesis in several types of cancer. Clinical trials with Angiotensin-( 1-7) or TXA127, a pharmaceutical grade formulation of the naturally occurring peptide, have reported promising findings, but not enough to recommend medical use in human cancer. In regard to pediatric cancer, only three articles that marginally investigated RAS components were found and none of them evaluated molecules of the alternative RAS axis. Conclusion: Despite the potential applicability of Angiotensin-(1-7) in pediatric tumors, the role of this molecule was never tested. Further clinical trials are necessary, also including pediatric patients, to confirm safety and efficiency and to define therapeutic targets.

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Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2653

Author(s):

Matilde Roda ◽

Natalie di Geronimo ◽

Marco Pellegrini ◽

Costantino Schiavi

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽

Prompt Diagnosis

Nutritional optic neuropathy is a cause of bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive visual impairment with loss of central visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, dyschromatopsia, and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The clinical features are not pathognomonic, since hereditary and toxic forms share similar signs and symptoms. It is becoming increasingly common due to the widespread of bariatric surgery and strict vegetarian or vegan diets, so even the scientific interest has recently increased. In particular, recent studies have focused on possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in order to prevent the onset, make a prompt diagnosis and an accurate nutritional supplementation, and to avoid irreversible optic nerve atrophy. Nowadays, there is clear evidence of the role of cobalamin, folic acid, thiamine, and copper, whereas further studies are needed to define the role of niacin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. This review aims to summarize the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nutritional optic neuropathy, and it is addressed not only to ophthalmologists, but to all physicians who could come in contact with a patient with a possible nutritional optic neuropathy, being a fundamental multidisciplinary approach.

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