Anterior Pituitary Deficiency in Disorders Associated with Steatorrhoea

Abstract Background Cranial irradiation represents one of the first line treatment proposed in skull base meningiomas. While cranial irradiation is associated with a high risk of secondary hypopituitarism, few studies focused on the specific location of skull base meningiomas. Methods Fifty-two adults receiving photon-beam therapy for skull base meningiomas between 2003 and 2014 in our Institution were included. Anterior pituitary (ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH and prolactin) as well as corresponding peripheral hormones (8 am-Cortisol, IGF-1, fT3, fT4, 17βestradiol or testosterone) were biologically screened before radiotherapy (baseline), then yearly until March 2019. The pituitary gland (PG) was delineated on CT and the mean dose delivered to it was calculated. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 56 +/− 14 years. Median follow-up was 7 years. Up to 60% of patients developed at least ≥2 pituitary deficiencies, 10 years after radiotherapy. Gonadotroph, thyrotroph, corticotroph and somatotroph deficiencies occurred in 37, 28, 18 and 15% of patients, respectively. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 13% of patients. None patient had only one pituitary deficiency. In the multivariate analysis, a delivered dose to the PG ≥ 50 Gy or a meningioma size ≥40 mm significantly increased the risk of developing hypopituitarism. Conclusions Over a long-term follow-up, cranial radiation therapy used in skull base meningiomas led to a high prevalence of hypopituitarism, further pronounced in case of tumor ≥4 cm. These results advocate for an annual and prolonged follow-up of the pituitary functions in patients with irradiated skull base meningiomas.

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POS-588 CHRONIC HYPOTENSION REVEALING AN ANTERIOR PITUITARY DEFICIENCY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT: A CASE REPORT

Kidney International Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. S258

Author(s):

A. Khedhiri ◽

M. Boudawara ◽

F. Abdennadher

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Hemodialysis Patient ◽

Pituitary Deficiency

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Incidence of Anterior Pituitary Deficiency after Radiotherapy at an Early Age: Study in Retinoblastoma

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09908.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. POMAREDE ◽

P. CZERNICHOW ◽

J. M. ZUCKER ◽

P. SCHLIENGER ◽

C. HAYE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Early Age ◽

Pituitary Deficiency

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High Prevalence of Anterior Pituitary Deficiencies after Cranial Radiation Therapy for Skull Base Meningiomas.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-244899/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Perrine Raymond ◽

Marc Klein ◽

Thomas Cuny ◽

Olivier Klein ◽

Julia Salleron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Skull Base ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Cranial Irradiation ◽

Cranial Radiation ◽

Pituitary Deficiency ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Skull Base Meningiomas

Abstract Background: Cranial irradiation represents the first-line treatment proposed in skull base meningiomas. While cranial irradiation is associated with a high risk of secondary hypopituitarism, few studies focused on the specific location of skull base meningiomas. Methods: 52 adults receiving photon-beam therapy for skull base meningiomas between 1978 and 2014 in our Institution were included. Anterior pituitary (ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH and prolactin) as well as corresponding peripheral hormones (8am-Cortisol, IGF-1, fT3, fT4, 17βestradiol or testosterone) were biologically screened before radiotherapy (baseline), then yearly until March 2019. The pituitary gland (PG) was delineated on CT and the mean dose delivered to it was calculated.Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 56 +/-14 years. Median follow-up was 7 years. Up to 60% of patients developed at least ≥ 2 pituitary deficiencies, 10 years after radiotherapy. Gonadotroph, thyrotroph, corticotroph and somatotroph deficiencies occurred in 37%, 28%, 18% and 15% of patients, respectively. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 13 % of patients. None patient had only one pituitary deficiency. In the multivariate analysis, a delivered dose to the PG ≥ 50 Gy or a meningioma size ≥ 40 mm significantly increased the risk of developing hypopituitarism. Conclusions: Over a long-term follow-up, cranial radiation therapy used in skull base meningiomas led to a high prevalence of hypopituitarism, further pronounced in case of tumor ≥ 4cm. These results advocate for an annual and prolonged follow-up of the pituitary functions in patients with irradiated skull base meningiomas.

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Sites of Insulin Action Using Ferritin Labeling

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066759 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 540-541

Author(s):

Burton B. Silver ◽

Ronald S. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Insulin Antibody ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Target Organs ◽

Uranium Salts ◽

Sugar Levels

Some investigators feel that insulin does not enter cells but exerts its influence in some manner on the cell surface. Ferritin labeling of insulin and insulin antibody was used to determine if binding sites of insulin to specific target organs could be seen with electron microscopy.Alloxanized rats were considered diabetic if blood sugar levels were in excess of 300 mg %. Test reagents included ferritin, ferritin labeled insulin, and ferritin labeled insulin antibody. Target organs examined were were diaphragm, kidney, gastrocnemius, fat pad, liver and anterior pituitary. Reagents were administered through the left common carotid. Survival time was at least one hour in test animals. Tissue incubation studies were also done in normal as well as diabetic rats. Specimens were fixed in gluteraldehyde and osmium followed by staining with lead and uranium salts. Some tissues were not stained.

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Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Fine Structure of Rat Liver Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060799 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

Robert R. Cardell

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Liver Cell ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Liver Functions ◽

Rat Liver Cells ◽

And Control

Hypophysectomy of the rat renders this animal deficient in the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, thus causing many primary and secondary hormonal effects on basic liver functions. Biochemical studies of these alterations in the rat liver cell are quite extensive; however, relatively few morphological observations on such cells have been recorded. Because the available biochemical information was derived mostly from disrupted and fractionated liver cells, it seemed desirable to examine the problem with the techniques of electron microscopy in order to see what changes are apparent in the intact liver cell after hypophysectomy. Accordingly, liver cells from rats which had been hypophysectomized 5-120 days before sacrifice were studied. Sham-operated rats served as controls and both hypophysectomized and control rats were fasted 15 hours before sacrifice.

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Pinocytotic-Like Forms of Mitochondria From Rat Anterior Pituitary

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100470 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 146-147

Author(s):

Burton B. Silver

Keyword(s):

Electron Micrographs ◽

Conformational Changes ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Dynamic State ◽

Surrounding Cell ◽

The Matrix ◽

The Moment ◽

Cell Medium ◽

Sectioned Tissue ◽

State Of Activity

Sectioned tissue rarely indicates evidence of what is probably a highly dynamic state of activity in mitochondria which have been reported to undergo a variety of movements such as streaming, divisions and coalescence. Recently, mitochondria from the rat anterior pituitary have been fixed in a variety of configurations which suggest that conformational changes were occurring at the moment of fixation. Pinocytotic-like vacuoles which may be taking in or expelling materials from the surrounding cell medium, appear to be forming in some of the mitochondria. In some cases, pores extend into the matrix of the mitochondria. In other forms, the remains of what seems to be pinched off vacuoles are evident in the mitochondrial interior. Dense materials, resembling secretory droplets, appear at the junction of the pores and the cytoplasm. The droplets are similar to the secretory materials commonly identified in electron micrographs of the anterior pituitary.

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