scholarly journals Reducing the risk of nosocomial HIV infection in British health workers working overseas: role of post-exposure prophylaxis

BMJ ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 316 (7138) ◽  
pp. 1158-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F Gilks ◽  
D. Wilkinson
Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. A. Pinto ◽  
Ana R. M. Carvalho ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Hari M. Srivastava

We propose a fractional order model to study the efficacy of the Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within-host dynamics, in the presence of the HIV latent reservoir. Latent reservoirs harbor infected cells that contain a transcriptionally silent but reactivatable provirus. The latter constitutes a major difficulty to the eradication of HIV in infected patients. PEP is used as a way to prevent HIV infection after a recent possible exposure to HIV. It consists of the in-take of antiretroviral drugs for, usually, 28 days. In this study, we focus on the dosage and dosage intervals of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during PEP and in the role of the latent reservoir in HIV infected patients. We thus simulate the model for immunologically important parameters concerning the drugs and the fraction of latently infected cells. The results may add important information to clinical practice of HIV infected patients.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kaplun ◽  
Richard J. Martino ◽  
Kristen D. Krause ◽  
Michael Briganti ◽  
Paul A. D’Avanzo ◽  
...  

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among young sexual minority men (SMM). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective strategy for individuals who are exposed to HIV, but there is limited research about PEP use among young SMM and its relationship with methamphetamine use. This study analyzes the association between ever PEP use and recent methamphetamine use among young SMM in New York City, using cross-sectional data from the P18 Cohort Study (n = 429). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between methamphetamine use and ever PEP use. Compared with those who had not used methamphetamine in the last 6 months, young SMM who did use methamphetamine were significantly more likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.10–16.86). Young SMM who had ever used PrEP had 16 times higher odds of ever using PEP (AOR = 16, 95% CI: 7.41–35.95). Those who completed bachelor’s degrees were 61% less likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88). These data suggest that methamphetamine use could increase the risk of HIV infection, highlighting the critical need to target interventions for young SMM who use methamphetamine and are more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse.


The Lancet ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 331 (8583) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Meylan ◽  
P. Francioli ◽  
H. Decrey ◽  
J.Ph. Chave ◽  
M.P. Glauser

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