Magnetisation transfer ratios and transverse magnetisation decay curves in optic neuritis: correlation with clinical findings and electrophysiology.

We reviewed the clinical and laboratorial findings of 200 patients in Curitiba, Southern Brazil (25°25'40" S; 49°16'23" W-GR), with multiple sclerosis (MS)according to Poser's criteria. The patients were classified as: clinically definite (A1 and A2) - 142 patients (71%); laboratory-supported definite - 42 patients (21%); and clinically probable - 16 patients (8%). Relapsing-remitting (RR) form was the most common clinical presentation, with 182 (91%), followed by primary progressive (PP)(16 cases, 8%), and only 2 cases with secondarily progressive form (SP). Nine women and 7 men totalized the 16 PP cases. The mean age of onset was 32.0±9.9 (median 32 years). The gender ratio was female 1.8:1 male. All patients, except 3 African-Brazilian, were white. Seven (3.5%) patients developed a clinical history of Devic's syndrome. The initial clinical picture included brainstem/cerebellar syndrome in 126 (63%) cases, sensorial findings in 106 (53%)patients, motor (pyramidal) syndrome in 102 (49.5%), and optic neuritis in 79 (39.5%) cases. 122 (61%) patients had a final EDSS score < 3.5; 45 (22.5%) a score between 3.5 and 5.5, and 33 (16.5%) a score > or = 6.0. There was no significant correlation between the number of relapses or duration of disease with EDSS scores (Spearman's test). Only 14 (7%) of the total number presented the benign form (EDSS< 3.5 after 10 years of disease). We observed a later age of onset and initial clinical findings with higher frequency of brainstem/cerebellar syndrome and optic neuritis, when compared to other Brazilian and Western series

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Optic Neuritis and its several etiologies

10.5327/1516-3180.742 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Carlinda Arantes de Almeida Braga ◽

Patryk Marques da Silva Rosa ◽

Luiza Monteiro dos Santos ◽

Igor Yury Silva ◽

Ana Elisa Choucair Hosken Arão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Hereditary Neuropathy ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Demyelinating Lesions ◽

Common Etiology

Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is characterized by a condition of the optic nerve´s demyelinating inflammation, unilateral or bilateral involvement, which can lead to painful visual loss, color blindness, and other neurological and systemic impairments. Because it has several etiologies, ON is underdiagnosed and the studies seek an integrative review to identify the causes and differential diagnoses for the proper management. Methods: An analysis of scientific publications in the Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases was realized using the descriptors Optic Neuritis and diagnosis. Results: The diagnosis of ON is made by clinical findings associating neuroimage tests. About 60% of diagnosed patients have an alternative diagnosis; as optic neuropathies of anterior ischemic causes, Leber’s hereditary neuropathy and compressive neuropathies; infiltrative; toxic-metabolic or vitamin B12 deficiency. ON has different etiologies, such as infectious, paraneoplastic, autoimmune and demyelinating, so a directed anamnesis and ophthalmological examination is essential for professional´s orientation. The investigation of infectious, parainfectious and inflammatory causes must include the research of diseases such as syphilis, ricketsiosis, toxoplasmosis, mycobacteriosis, HIV and herpes zoster, and the recent vaccination. It is necessary to investigate autoimmune diseases, due to the increased risk of the coexistence of autoantibodies that attack structures of the optic nerve. Within the spectrum of demyelinating lesions, Multiple Sclerosis is the most common etiology, although Neuromyelitis Optica, Schilder Disease and Encephalitis Periaxilis Concentric should be remembered. Conclusion: When considering the various causes, it is necessary for professionals to make the diagnosis with effective clinical evaluation, with complementary tests, essential for the proper patient´s management.

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Optic neuritis in German children: clinical findings and association with multiple sclerosis

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-020-04669-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 258 (7) ◽

pp. 1523-1526

Author(s):

Felix Tonagel ◽

Helmut Wilhelm ◽

Carina Kelbsch

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

German Children

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RELATION OF OPTIC NEURITIS TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.28.3.377 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 377-387

Author(s):

Charles Kennedy ◽

Sidney Carter

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

The Other ◽

Bilateral Involvement ◽

Ocular Findings ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Visual Failure

Eight children of a previously reported series of 30 with optic neuritis of unknown cause were found to have developed multiple sclerosis in variable periods after the episode of visual failure. The clinical findings are reported here in detail. There were no distinctive characteristics of the ocular findings to indicate those who would eventually show evidence of multiple sclerosis, although simultaneous bilateral involvement and papillitis would appear to be seen more frequently in the children than in the adults who later developed multiple sclerosis. Six of the eight children developed evidence of dissemination within a 2½-year period. In the other two, dissemination did not occur until 12 and 16 years later.

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