Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

A Comparison of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and R. fitchii (Sand.) as Vectors of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey C. Smith ◽  
W. R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Prunus Virginiana ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Test Plants

AbstractAlthough Rhopalosiphum padi L. was common on cereals and Gramineae in Ontario, only a small number of R. fitchii (Sand.) were found on one grass plant in 1961. Fundatrigeniae of R. padi from Prunus virginiana L. and of R. fitchii from Crataegus spp. and Malus spp. were transferred to oats and wheat on which alienicolae of R. padi multiplied rapidly, but R. fitchii very slowly. R. fitchii transmitted all but one of the isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) that R. padi transmitted to Clintland 60 oats, but fewer test plants became infected, the incubation period for symptom development was longer and symptoms were less severe when R. fitchii was the vector. Both species infected more test plants after a 5-day than after a 2-day acquisition feed on the virus source. It appears that R. padi, a common and efficient vector of BYDV, has frequently been mistaken for R. fitchii which is not common on cereals and not a highly efficient vector.A dosage concept is proposed to explain differences in vector efficiencies of R. padi and R. fitchii. It is also suggested that strains of BYDV become ’adapted’ to transmission by a vector species.

Crop loss assessment studies on the effects of barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
RJ Sward
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Individual Grains

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on grain yield of wheat, cv. Olympic, was determined over 3 years at three sites in Victoria in field plots inoculated with infective Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Inoculation before tillering lowered grain yields by 9-79 %, whereas inoculation at early stem extension lowered yields by only 6-9 %. There was a linear relationship between the percentage of plants infected with BYDV at an early stage of growth and grain yield at all sites. Other components of yield affected included numbers of tillers, numbers of heads with sterile terminal spikelets, grain weight per head and weight of individual grains.

Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Beoni ◽  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Jana Jarošová ◽  
Jiban Kumar Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

Grassy Weeds and Corn as Potential Sources of Barley yellow dwarf virus Spread Into Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-05-20-1004
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Regina K. Cruzado ◽  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
Juliet M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of cereals. Although many species of grasses are known to host BYDV, knowledge of their role in virus spread in regional agroecosystems remains limited. Between 2012 and 2016, Idaho winter wheat production was affected by BYDV. BYDV-PAV and the bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) vector were commonly present in the affected areas. A series of greenhouse bioassays were performed to examine whether two types of corn (Zea mays L.), dent and sweet, and three commonly found grassy weeds, downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.), can be inoculated with BYDV (species BYDV-PAV) by BCOA and also act as sources of the virus in winter wheat. BCOA successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to both corn types and all weed species. Virus titers differed between the weed species (P = 0.032) and between corn types (P = 0.001). In transmission bioassays, aphids were able to survive on these host plants during the 5-day acquisition access period and later successfully transmitted BYDV-PAV to winter wheat (var. SY Ovation). Transmission success was positively correlated with the virus titer of the source plant (P < 0.001) and influenced by weed species (P = 0.028) but not corn type. Overall, the results of our inoculation and transmission assays showed that the examined weed species and corn types can be inoculated with BYDV-PAV by BCOA and subsequently act as sources of infections in winter wheat.

Resistance to RPV barley yellow dwarf virus in the genus Bromus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Beuve ◽  
Hervé Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Susceptibility to barley yellow dwarf RPV (BYD – RPV) relative to BYD – PAV has been studied for 21 species of the genus Bromus. The following species belonging to sections Bromus (B. arvensis L., B. commutatus Shrad, B. danthoniae Trin., B. grossus Desf. ex DC. B. hordeaceus L., B. lanceolatus Roth., B. scoparius L.), Stenobromus (B. diandrus Roth., B. madritensis L., B. sterilis L., B. rubens L., B. tectorum L.), and Neobromus (B. trinii Desvaux) are all susceptible to BYD–RPV. Of the three species of the Pnigma section, B. erectus Hudson is susceptible to BYD–RPV, although the percentage of infected plants is low; B. setifolius Presl. is resistant to BYD–RPV; and the two biotypes of B. inermis Leyss. that were tested are both resistant to BYD–RPV. Most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are resistant to BYD–RPV and susceptible to BYD–PAV. In B. catharticus Vahl. a few biotypes are also susceptible to both viruses. The resistance to BYD–RPV in different biotypes of Ceratochloa and in one biotype of B. setifolius cannot be explained by the resistance to the vector Rhopalosiphum padi L., as BYD – PAV is efficiently transmitted to these biotypes by the same aphid species. These results show that most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are probably immune to BYD–RPV and that the virus has a restricted host range in the genus Bromus compared with BYD –PAV. Key words: BYDV, RPV, PAV, Bromus genus.

scholarly journals Rhopalosiphum padi(Hemiptera: Aphididae) Responses to Volatile Cues From Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus–Infected Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla J. Medina-Ortega ◽  
Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez ◽  
Esther Ngumbi ◽  
Edgardo S. Jiménez-Martínez ◽  
Sanford D. Eigenbrode
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Volatile Cues

scholarly journals Variation in Transmission Efficiency Among Barley yellow dwarf virus-RMV Isolates and Clones of the Normally Inefficient Aphid Vector, Rhopalosiphum padi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lucio-Zavaleta ◽  
D. M. Smith ◽  
S. M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The RMV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RMV) is an unassigned member of the Luteoviridae that causes barley yellow dwarf in various cereal crops. The virus is most efficiently vectored by the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, but can also be vectored with varying efficiency by R. padi and Schizaphis graminum. Field collections of alate aphids migrating into the emerging winter wheat crop in the fall of 1994 in central New York identified a high proportion of R. padi transmitting BYDV-RMV. This prompted a comparison of the BYDV-RMV isolates and the R. padi populations found in the field with type virus and aphid species maintained in the laboratory. A majority of the field isolates of BYDV-RMV were similar to each other and to the type BYDV-RMV isolate in disease severity on oat and in transmission by the laboratory-maintained population of R. maidis and a field-collected population of R. maidis. However, several field populations of R. padi differed in their ability to transmit the various BYDV-RMV isolates. The transmission efficiency of the R. padi clones was increased if acquisition and inoculation feeding periods were allowed at higher temperatures. In addition, the transmission efficiency of BYDV-RMV was significantly influenced by the aphid that inoculated the virus source tissue. In general, BYDV-RMV transmission by R. padi was higher when R. padi was the aphid that inoculated the source tissue than when R. maidis was the inoculating aphid. The magnitude of the change varied among virus isolates and R. padi clones. These results indicate that, under certain environmental conditions, R. padi can play a significant role in the epidemiology of BYDV-RMV. This may be especially significant in regions where corn is a major source of virus and of aphids that can carry virus into a fall-planted wheat crop.

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