Intracellular location of potato virus S in leaf tissue of Chenopodium quinoa

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hlruki ◽  
P. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Local Lesions

The presence of potato virus S (PVS) in the local lesions of Chenopodium quinoa was shown by bioassay, a serological test, and electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations of the infected tissues. Amorphous aggregates of particles believed to be PVS were found with the electron microscope in ultra-thin sections of both necrotic and nearby chlorotic cells of lesions sampled 8 days after inoculation of C. quinoa. The virus masses were confined to the cytoplasm and found in close proximity to the nucleus, chloroplasts, and tonoplasts. No other cellular inclusions were found in these cells.

scholarly journals Strain Characterization of Potato virus S Isolates from Tasmania, Australia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Lambert ◽  
Jason B. Scott ◽  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Frank S. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Strain Characterization ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Local Lesions

Potato virus S (PVS) is prevalent within potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Traditionally, PVS has been split into two strains, Ordinary (PVSO) and Andean (PVSA), based on reaction in herbaceous indicator species such as Chenopodium quinoa. However, recent research has identified further strain designations, such as PVSO-CS (Ordinary and Chenopodium systemic). Forty-four isolates of PVS were collected from potato seed lines in different geographical regions within Tasmania, Australia. Isolates were initially characterized by reactions in C. quinoa. Nineteen isolates were characterized as PVSO, based on the development of local lesions and serological detection in inoculated leaves only. Three isolates were identified as PVSA-like, based on local lesion development in inoculated leaves, mild mottling or chlorotic spots on noninoculated leaves, and serological detection in both inoculated and noninoculated leaves. Thirteen isolates produced no symptoms, and were detected serologically in inoculated leaves only (PVSO-like). Four isolates produced no symptoms but were detected serologically in both inoculated and noninoculated leaves (PVSA-like). Five isolates produced symptoms in inoculated leaves only but were detected serologically in both inoculated and noninoculated leaves (also PVSA-like). The ability of isolates to infect tomato has also been used as a criterion to assist in PVS strain differentiation. A subsample of isolates (n = 16) was unable to infect tomato ‘Grosse Lisse’. Seventeen isolates representative of these groupings based on reactions in C. quinoa were also characterized by coat-protein sequencing. Phylogenetic comparisons suggested that all isolates were PVSO rather than PVSA. Therefore, whereas some of these PVS isolates were systemic in C. quinoa, findings from this study suggest that they were not PVSA, and that only PVSO and PVSO-CS isolates are present in Tasmania. The implications of this finding for disease management are discussed.

Maize Necrotic Lesion Virus Particles and Associated Cellular Inclusions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
Raymond Louie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Necrotic Lesion ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Infected Cells

Maize necrotic lesion virus (MNLV), a newly found soil-borne virus, is apparently one of a complex of viruses infecting roots of maize (Zea mays L.) in northern Ohio (1). Maize roots become infected when plants are grown in infested, field soil that has undergone air-dry storage or in autoclaved, greenhouse soil infested with diseased roots. Symptoms on leaves of rub-inoculated maize and other monocot seedlings first appear as chlorotic local lesions that become necrotic after 24-36 hr.Numerous isometric virus particles of two sizes, ca. 17 and 29 nm in diameter, were observed in crude extracts from MNLV lesions negatively stained in phosphotungstic acid, pH 4.8 (Fig. 1). At pH 6.9 the larger virus particles were frequently stain-penetrated and clumped together or embedded in an amorphous matrix (Fig. 2). MNLV-infected cells were also examined in thin sections cut from fixed and embedded chlorotic lesions (Fig. 3-4). In the cytoplasm of some mesophyll cells, numerous isometric virus particles of both sizes were clearly recognized in close proximity to each other and to masses of electron-dense, amorphous inclusions.

scholarly journals Solanum americanum: reservoir for Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in sweet pepper crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Monika Fecury Moura ◽  
Marcelo Soman ◽  
Tatiana Mituti ◽  
Marcelo Agenor Pavan ◽  
Renate Krause-Sakate
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Solanum Americanum

Weeds can act as important reservoirs for viruses. Solanum americanum (Black nightshade) is a common weed in Brazil and samples showing mosaic were collected from sweet pepper crops to verify the presence of viruses. One sample showed mixed infection between Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) and one sample showed simple infection by PVY. Both virus species were transmitted by plant extract and caused mosaic in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Magda), Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabaccum TNN, and local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa, C. murale and C. amaranticolor. The coat protein sequences for CMV and PVY found in S. americanum are phylogenetically more related to isolates from tomato. We conclude that S. americanum can act as a reservoir for different viruses during and between sweet pepper crop seasons.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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