Physical properties and monoterpene composition of xylem oleoresin along the bole of Pinus taeda in relation to southern pine beetle attack distribution

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Schmitt ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
C. A. Blanche ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Eight trees from each of four different age-classes (5–15, 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 years) were sampled at 10 equally spaced heights along the bole for xylem oleoresin physical properties (initial flow rate, total flow, and viscosity) and monoterpene composition. Trees in the 36- to 45-year-old age-class had a significantly faster initial resin flow rate and greater total flow than trees from the other age-classes. No significant differences in initial flow rate, total flow, and relative viscosity were observed between sample heights. Unexpected differences in monoterpene composition occurred between age-classes. α-Pinene decreased and β-pinene increased with increasing height for all trees in all age-classes. Camphene decreased with increasing height in the 5- to 15-year-old age-class and β-phellandrene increased with increasing height in the age-classes of 16–25 and 26–35 years. No obvious xylem oleoresin properties at the different heights were observed that might suggest a favorable condition for southern pine beetle attack.

OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FOUR SOUTHERN PINES TO SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACKS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Hodges ◽  
William W. Elam ◽  
William F. Watson ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pines ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Measured Resistance ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

AbstractAll four major southern pines can be killed by the southern pine beetle, but loblolly and shortleaf are much more susceptible than longleaf and slash. Oleoresin from more than 50 trees of each species was tested for composition and amount of monoterpenes and resin acids, viscosity, flow (rate, duration, and amount), and rate of crystallization. Discriminant function analyses were used to classify the loblolly and shortleaf trees as to probable resistance. The best classification used physical properties (total flow, flow rate, viscosity, time to crystallization). Supposedly resistant and susceptible trees were subjected to controlled attack, and the chemical and physical properties of four loblolly pines that survived natural attack were measured. Resistance is strongly related to the physical properties of the oleoresin, and can be predicted by these properties. Loblolly and shortleaf trees with “average” properties usually succumb to 100 or more attacks per sq. m of bark surface. Several trees classified as resistant survived a much higher rate of attack.

Four parameters of the wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pines to inoculation with the blue-staining fungus associated with the southern pine beetle

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2403-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle

The wound response of loblolly, Pinus taeda L., and shortleaf, P. echinata Mill., pine was examined for 14 days following wounding and inoculation of the trees with Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt, a fungal associate of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Lesion length increased at a constant rate during June, while during July there was an initially rapid lesion formation followed by a leveling off for both tree species. Lesion enlargement occurred faster from days 2 through 7 in July for both species, and at the end of the 14-day study periods, the loblolly pines had a longer average lesion length than did the shortleaf pines during both months. During June, there was an initial increase in resin flow rate followed by a decrease in resin flow rate for several days and then an increased resin flow rate to levels similar to or above the rate measured prior to wounding. During July, the initial increase in resin flow rate following inoculation was not observed. Average soluble-sugar content decreased and monoterpene concentration increased in the lesion inner bark tissue. Inner bark monoterpene composition also changed, with the percentage of α-pinene increasing or remaining unchanged in loblolly pine and decreasing in the shortleaf pine. The observed differences in tree response to fungal invasion may be important in determining if an individual can repel or impede invasion by D. frontalis at different times during the summer.

Bioassay of Pine Bark Extracts as Biting Stimulants for the Southern Pine Beetle

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Thomas ◽  
J.A. Richmond ◽  
E.L. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

scholarly journals Contrasting Competitor and Predator Responses to a Short-Lived Southern Pine Beetle Outbreak: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Clarke ◽  
Jessica Hartshorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Pine Beetle

Abstract The southern pine beetle (SPB) Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is the most important insect pest of pines in the southeastern United States, with outbreaks often resulting in thousands of hectares of pine mortality. Natural enemies and competitors have been cited as significant regulators of SPB populations and, therefore, outbreaks. A recent outbreak on the Homochitto National Forest (NF) in Mississippi provided an opportunity to undertake a case study comparing population fluctuations of SPB, its major predator Thanasimus dubius, and its competitors, Ips bark beetles. Trap catches of all three were tracked through the course of the outbreak on the Homochitto NF as well as in two other forests with low or no SPB activity. The number of predators collected initially increased on the Homochitto NF in response to the SPB outbreak, but their impact on reducing infestation numbers was unclear. Numbers of Ips trapped were similar across all three forests, indicating that other factors were regulating SPB populations. The outbreak only lasted a single year, and its brevity likely limited the availability of host resources for natural enemy and competitor populations. Additional studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms affecting the extent and duration of SPB outbreaks, such as active forest management. Study Implications: The widespread application of cut-and-leave treatments during a short duration southern pine beetle (SPB) outbreak on the Homochitto National Forest did not result in immediate increased collections of Ips bark beetles, competitors of SPB. Similar population trends of Ips bark beetles in areas with and without SPB infestations suggest that other factors, such as climate, regulate population numbers. Low numbers of the main SPB predator, Thanasimus dubius, immediately preceded an outbreak, and trap collections increased after outbreak onset, reaffirming the importance of this natural enemy in SPB population fluctuations.

Field Evaluation of Fenitrothion for Prevention of Tree Mortality from Southern Pine Beetle Attack12

1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
William W. Neel ◽  
James H. Lashomb
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Control of the Southern Pine Beetle by Woodpeckers in Central Louisiana1

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Southern pine beetle: Enhancement or inhibition of aggregation response mediated by enantiomers of endo-brevicomin

1985 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Vit� ◽  
R. F. Billings ◽  
C. W. Ware ◽  
K. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Pine Beetle

Geographic and Gender Differences in Semiochemicals in Emerging Adult Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Grosman ◽  
Scott M. Salom ◽  
F. William Ravlin ◽  
Roderick W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
And Gender
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