Validitas dan kepraktisan model pembelajaran Contextual Analysis of Science and Laboratory Problems (CANLABS) pada pembelajaran IPA

Model pembelajaran Contextual Analysis of Science and Laboratory Problems (CANLABS) merupakan suatu model yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memilih beberapa peristiwa alam disekitarnya yang relevan dengan materi yang sedang dipelajari dan selanjutnya mengupas fenomena secara lebih mendalam di laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis validitas dan kepraktisan model pembelajaran CANLABS untuk penguasaan IPA siswa SMP. Uji coba hasil pengembagan model dilakukan di kelas 7 SMP se eks karesidenan besuki (Jember, Bondowoso, Situbondo, dan Banyuwangi) dengan jumlah 120 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling area. Untuk mengukur validitas menggunakan lembar validitas model yang dilakukan oleh pakar. Sedangkan untuk mengukur kepraktisan digunakan lembar observasi keterlaksaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh observer. Berdasarkan analisis didapatkan bahwa pada validasi isi dan validasi konstruk berturut-turut secara rata-rata berskor 4.08 dan 4.11 dengan realibilitas instrumennya 96 %. Sedangkan keterlaksanaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti, kegiatan pemantapan, penutup, dan suasana kelas dengan rata-rata skor 3.39 berkategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran CANLABS memenuhi kriteria kevalidan dan kepraktisan sehingga layak digunakan pada pembelajaran IPA siswa SMP.

Impact of Human Settlements on Diversity of Range Vegetation

The rapidly increasing population of human beings in semi-arid areas is often considered as a major factor of land degradation. Only a few studies have examined the dynamics of human settlements on the composition, diversity, structure and palatability of range vegetation in Southern Punjab Pakistan. The current study aims to assess whether the distance from settlements had any effect on the range vegetation’s diversity and cover. In order to determine the impact of human settlements on the vegetation, the sampling area (Thal rangeland) was classified into three categories, i.e., Near (1–2 km from human communities), Away (2–4 km from human communities), and Far (4–6 km from human settlements). A total of 75 transects in all of the three sites were placed in the study sites. Along the transects, a quadrate of 1 m2 after every 10 m was randomly placed. The study site yielded floral diversity of a total of 29 species, representing 23 genera and belonging to 9 families. Results showed that the areas away from the human communities had higher species diversity (20), while the site near to human settlements depicted lower diversity (14). It was observed that, although the site near to communities had lower diversity, it depicted higher plant density, while the highest diversity along with the lowest plant density was observed in sites away from the communities. The study concluded that the diversity of range grasses, especially desirable species, was affected by distance to human settlements. These findings could be useful to detect flora changes, establish habitat protection priorities and improve efforts for conserving natural landscapes.

Morphological and physico-chemical properties of Cryosoils in the Bulgarian antarctic base on Livingston island, Antarctica

Under the global climatic changes and anthropogenic impacts on the environment, information about characteristics and specific features of soils in remote regions as Antarctica is valuable and could be used as references. This study focuses on the analyses of original data about the physico-chemical composition and micromorphological structure of Cryosols, collected in 2019 from the sampling area of the Bulgarian Antarctic Base “St. Kl. Ohridski” located on Livingston Island, Antarctica. The studied Cryosols are moderately acidic with slow and incomplete transformation of organic residues. The organic carbon content is low, except for soils formed under the influence of an ornithogenic factor. The mezo- and micromorphological observations show a predominance of the mineral phase, weakly affected by weathering processes. Many soil pores and voids are observed, which facilitates water-air and intra-soil exchange during the short Antarctic summer. The analyses showed an evidence for the connection of the processes of soil formation of Cryosols in the region with the pulsating degradation of the glaciers.

Insidensi dan Sebaran Tungau Hama pada Pepaya di Pulau Lombok (Incidence and Distribution of Mites on Papaya in Lombok Island)

<p>Tungau hama merupakan salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan insidensi, sebaran, dan identitas tungau hama pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Sebaran ditentukan berdasarkan insidensi tungau hama pada 50 lokasi pengambilan contoh dan tungau hama diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler berdasarkan runutan rDNA ITS2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 spesies tungau berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi, yaitu Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pasificus, Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, T. piercei, dan Tarsonemus bilobatus dengan insidensi berkisar antara 2–72%. Di antara spesies yang ditemukan, P. citri merupakan tungau hama dengan sebaran dan insidensi tertinggi (72%). Hasil analisis persebaran menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman spesies tungau hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok adalah tinggi dengan tingkat dominansi rendah dan tingkat kemerataan spesies yang tinggi. Uji PCR dan analisis runutan DNA berhasil mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi enam spesies tungau hama, yaitu T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, dan P. citri (Tetranychidae), pada 500–600 pb serta B. californicus dan B. phoenicis (Tenuipalpidae) pada 600–700 pb. Similaritas tertinggi ditemukan pada T. piercei dan T. kanzawai (100%). Ini merupakan laporan pertama keberadaan B. californicus sebagai hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Frekuensi kemunculan; PCR; Perunutan DNA; Sebaran</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Mites are one obstacle of papaya production in Lombok Island. Thus, the aim of research was to determine incidence, distribution and identity of mites on papaya plant in Lombok Island. Distribution is determined based on incidence of in 50 sampling area, while mites identified morphological and molecularly based on rDNA ITS2. This studies revealed that there were 12 species of mites based on morphological, namely Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pacificus Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, and T. pierce with an incidence ranging 2-72%. Among species found, P. citri has the highest distribution and incidence of 72%. The results of the distribution analysis showed that diversity of mite species was high, with low dominance and high evenness. PCR assay successfully amplified DNA of six species, namely T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, P. citri with the DNA size of 500-600 bp and B. californicus, B. phoenicis with the DNA size of 600-700 bp. The highest similarity species was found on T .piercei and T. kanzawai (100%). This was the first report of B. californicus infestating on papaya in Lombok.</p>

Respon masyarakat terhadap rencana pemanfaatan galian tambang pasir sebagai wahana wisata kolam pancing

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak bekas galian tambang pasir desa Badean kecamatan Rogojampi kabupaten Banyuwangi dan untuk pemanfaatan bekas galian tambang pasir sebagai wahana wisata kolam pancing warga disekitar tambang pasir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk melengkapi penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui komunikasi langsung dengan responden yaitu warga sekitar tambang pasir. Populasi sampel adalah warga masyarakat disekitar tambang pasir di desa Badean Kecamatan Rogojampi Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Sampel yang diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling area dan untuk metode pengambilan datanya dengan cara documentasi, observasi dan mengajukan kuisioner pertanyaan terhadap warga sekitar tambang pasir. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penambangan pasir berdampak negative, dikarenakan sangat merugikan warga sekitar. Dampak negative tersebut diantaranya jalan umum menjadi rusak, ada beberapa korban jiwa terutamanya anak kecil yang tenggelam di bekas galian tambang pasir dan masih banyak lainnya. Peneliti juga melakukan upaya memberi solusi supaya bekas galian pasir tersebut menjadi bermanfaat bagi warga sekitar dengan cara mengubah bekas galian tambang pasir tersebut menjadi wahana wisata kolam pancing dan hasil wawancara terhadapat masyarakat sekitar tambang merespon sangat baik dan menyetujuinya.

Peculiarities of selecting woody plants for anatomy analysis in various environments

Methods for studying woody plants anatomy are now very diverse. We modified the guidelines for bark studies developed for wood analysis at all stages of preparing the woody plant samples for microscope study. For the first time, we used separation to separate hard and soft fractions of the bark tissue. Correct approach to selection of plant samples and further laboratory manipulations ensures validity of the results of our study. We select the size of the sampling area depending on the type of vegetation. In every habitat, we also include transects along the gradient of height above sea level or the impact from the source of natural stress. The results of our research will help study landscape changes during exogenous geological processes and phenomena using biological indication of geosystems.

Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the beach sediment of Anday Beach, West Papua (Indonesia)

In the last two decades, scientists have extensively studied microplastics (MPs), small plastic pieces less than five millimeters long, which can be harmful to our ocean and aquatic life. The MPs in the environment came from the tiny particles designed for commercial use, such as cosmetics. The other sources come from the breakdown of larger plastic items. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of MPs were investigated in the Anday Beach of West Papua (Indonesia). The sampling was conducted from March to May 2019 on Anday Beach. The abundance of MPs found were 0.28 to 1 n/kg for MPs (1-5 mm) and 1140.6 to 1997.6 n/kg for MPs (< 1 mm). The highest abundance of MPs found on Anday Beach was plastic film. We suggest doing a regular beach clean-up to ensure the continuous assessment of marine litter in the coastal areas and extend the sampling area in Papua to record the plastic pollution status in the Papua.

Influence of the Smoking and Spitting Behaviors in Public Smoking Areas on the Microbial Contamination and Spread

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spitting behavior on microbial public health in smoking areas. Through this investigation, bacterial concentration and spread of bacteria from the smoking areas were evaluated for the prospective public health and environment.Methods : The number of spitting and the spitting location in the smoking areas were measured visually by observers. For the microbial analysis, filter papers (5 × 5 cm) as sample collectors had been attached to the surface of the smoking areas for a given time. Using the collected filter paper, ATP bioluminescence measurement (RLU), colony forming unit (CFU) were measured. For the estimation of spitting behaviors in the smoking area on the spread microorganisms, saliva containing filters were selected from the areas, and fluorescent powder (0.01 g/cm2) was added to the papers. After 4 hours, the papers around the smoking areas were collected and the fluorescence activity was measured.Results and Discussion : The results showed that there was a clear relationship between the spitting behavior and the microbial activity in the smoking areas. In the case of sampling area A, the highest number of spitting was observed at the lunch hour (102 ± 16 times), and the RLU from the sample collected near the smoking area showed about 5,139 ± 1,267 RLU. When the RLU around the smoking area was measured, the lowest values were found at distance of 11 and 17 m from the cigarette bin (1,329 ± 148 and 1,204 ± 203 RLU), and it was confirmed that smoking and spitting did not occur at this sampling points. In the case of sampling area B, the highest number of spitting (45 ± 6 times) was observed at evening hour, and the RLU from the sample collected near the smoking area showed about 5,274 ± 1,297 RLU. The lowest value was in the sampling area B shown at 11 and 18 m (1,181 ± 243 RLU and 1,148 ± 168 RLU) from the cigarette bin, and it was also confirmed that smoking and spitting did not occur at this sampling points. The results indicate that the spitting during the smoking induced the increases of the microbial contamination of the public environment. The fluorescence powder diffusion analysis indicated that the saliva on the ground surface would enhance the spread of the microorganisms from the smoking area.Conclusions : Spitting in smoking areas can pose a high risk of microbial infection for smokers and non-smokers in smoking areas. Thus extensive and systematic attention related to the smoking manner must be paid to protect our public health.

Preliminary Assessment of Microplastic Pollution Index: A Case Study in Marmara Sea

Marine litter is a crucial problem for marine environment, and this problem is generally based on anthropogenic activities. Even though human-induced activities that cause marine litter are well known, they have not been assessed for the microplastic pollution yet. Here, we present the Microplastic Pollution Index (MPI); a fast, convenient, inexpensive and semi-quantitative tool for assessing land- and marinebased pressures on the sampling area. In this preliminary study, MPI were determined for eight different locations in Marmara Sea. The Marmara Sea is under the effect of several pressures, which can be seen from MPI results. Furthermore, currents and coastline morphology affect the retention time of water at the coastal zone. The highest MPI values were obtained from the Izmit and Bandırma gulfs, whereas the lowest value was found at entrance of the Dardanelle Strait. MPI values and manta net abundance values for each station showed a good linear relation (R2 = 0.58; F = 7.113; DF =1, q = 0.045). No correlation was found between the water column and sediment abundance values. MPI is providing information on microplastic pollution, which is useful to create an effective monitoring strategy. Furthermore, environmental managers can use this information to combat, restore and protect coastal waters against the microplastic pollution.

Species shifting composition of the Anopheles vector in Wongsorejo district - Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Malaria’s cases have been reported to occur annually in Wongsorejo district of Banyuwangi, East Java since 2002. However, there is a significant decrease of malaria cases during these last years, which might be related to the malaria vector species shifting composition. The objective of this research was to observe some important bionomic characteristics of malaria vector Anopheles in this area from 2015 until 2020 which include species identification, blood feeding behaviour and biting preference of vector. The data collection i.e. determination of Anopheles diversity and behaviour was conducted monthly for 3-6 months annually from 2015 – 2018. In 2019-2020 we sampled irregularly to see the trend. The results showed that there were species shifting of Anopheles vectors in this area. The proportion of Anopheles (An.) sundaicus and An. subpictus, which were previously reported until 2015 as the main Anopheles species in this area, significantly decreased in 2016 - 2018. An. indefinitus & An. vagus was becoming the majority of Anopheles species. During 2019-2020, An. vagus became the main species identified in the sampling area. The predominant species of An. vagus and An. indefinitus has exophagic and zoophilic preference behaviour. Furthermore, An. indefinitus has not previously been identified as a vector for malaria, compared to An. sundaius, and An. subpictus which are well known as an important primary malaria vector on Java Island, Indonesia.