Prevalence of externalizing disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Evdokia Anagnostou ◽  
Svetlana Popova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Owing to their central nervous system impairments, children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) commonly exhibit externalizing behaviours such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and (or) delinquency. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders with prominent externalizing behaviours, namely Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among children with FASD. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed, followed by disorder-specific random-effects meta-analyses. Of the disorders investigated, ADHD was found to be the most common co-morbid disorder among children with FASD (52.9%), followed by ODD (12.9%), CD (7.0%), and ASD (2.6%). When compared with the general population of the USA, these rates are notably higher: 15 times higher for ADHD, 2 times higher for ASD, 3 times higher for CD, and 5 times higher for ODD. The results call attention to the need for identifying a distinct neurodevelopmental profile to aid in the accurate identification of children with FASD and the discrimination of FASD from certain idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Chrzanowski ◽  
Elisabeth B. Guthrie ◽  
Matthew B. Perkins ◽  
Moira A. Rynn
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Common disorders of children and adolescents include neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, autistic spectrum disorder, and learning disorders), internalizing disorders (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders), and externalizing disorders (e.g., oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder). The assessment of a child or adolescent patient always includes multiple informants, the context in which the child’s difficulties occur, and a functional behavioral assessment. Patients with autism spectrum disorder tend to have persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, a restricted repertoire of behaviors and interests, and abnormal cognitive functioning. Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder experience chronic and severe irritability and frequent temper outbursts. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention before 12 years of age. Behavior therapy has been effectively used to treat children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, feeding and elimination disorders, and externalizing disorders. Fluoxetine is approved for treatment of depression in children and escitalopram, for adolescents. Methylphenidate and amphetamine preparations are first-line treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

scholarly journals Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention program: SBIRT's role in averting fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 829-834
Author(s):  
Maria Manriquez ◽  
Jacqueline Starer ◽  
Vanessa Parisi ◽  
Erin Tracy ◽  
Tonya McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum ◽  
Disorder Prevention

scholarly journals Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: neurodevelopmentally and behaviorally indistinguishable from other neurodevelopmental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Kevin Shield ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Evdokia Anagnostou ◽  
Svetlana Popova
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Abstract Background The lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria and the high rate of psychiatric comorbidity make it difficult to diagnose Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). In an effort to improve the diagnosis of FASD, the current study aimed to identify a neurodevelopmental profile that is both sensitive and specific to FASD. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on data obtained from the Canadian component of the World Health Organization International Study on the Prevalence of FASD. Data on neurodevelopmental status and behavior were derived from a battery of standardized tests and the Child Behavior Checklist for 21 children with FASD, 28 children with other neurodevelopmental disorders, and 37 typically developing control children, aged 7 to 11 years. Two latent profile analyses were performed to derive discriminative profiles: i) children with FASD compared with typically developing control children, and ii) children with FASD compared with typically developing control children and children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The classification function of the resulting profiles was evaluated using the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Confidence intervals (CIs) were approximated using 10,000 bootstrapped samples. Results The neurodevelopmental profile of FASD tested consisted of impairments in perceptual reasoning, verbal comprehension, visual-motor speed and motor coordination, processing speed (nonverbal information), attention and executive function, visuospatial processing, and language, in combination with rule-breaking behavior and attention problems. When children with FASD were compared with typically developing control children, a 2-class model fit the data best and resulted in a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI: 84.2–100.0%), specificity of 89.2% (95% CI: 78.4–97.5%), PPV of 83.3% (95% CI: 66.7–96.2%), and NPV of 97.1% (95% CI: 90.3–100.0%). When children with FASD were compared with typically developing control children and children with other neurodevelopmental disorders, the neurodevelopmental profile correctly identified only 56.9% (95% CI: 45.1–69.2%) of typically developing children and children with other neurodevelopmental disorders as not having FASD, and thus the profile was found not to be specific to children with FASD. Conclusion The findings question the uniqueness of children with FASD with respect to their neurodevelopmental impairments and behavioral manifestations.

scholarly journals Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Rabya Mughal ◽  
Catherine M. Hill ◽  
Anna Joyce ◽  
Dagmara Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD. These underlying neural structural and connectivity differences manifest as cognitive patterns, with some shared and some unique characteristics between FASD and ASD. This is the first study to examine sleep and its association with cognition in individuals with FASD, and to compare sleep in individuals with FASD and ASD. We assessed children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of FASD (n = 29), ASD (n = 21), and Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 46) using actigraphy (CamNTech Actiwatch 8), digit span tests of working memory (Weschler Intelligence Scale), tests of nonverbal mental age (MA; Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices), receptive vocabulary (British Picture Vocabulary Scale), and a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Children with FASD and ASD presented with significantly shorter total sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and more nocturnal wakings than their TD peers. Sleep was significantly associated with scores on the cognitive tests in all three groups. Our findings support the growing body of work asserting that sleep is significant to cognitive functioning in these neurodevelopmental conditions; however, more research is needed to determine cause and effect.

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