SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS AS AN ISOPIESTIC STANDARD

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (8) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Janis ◽  
J. B. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Vapour Pressure Curve ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The One

A method is described for the accurate determination of the vapour pressure of aqueous solutions of non-volatile salts. Solutions of two salts contained in a large silver dish are rocked in an evacuated desiccator until equilibrium is attained, then the vapour pressure of the one solution is determined from the known vapour pressure of the other. Results on the rate of attainment of equilibrium are given for various types of containers.Sodium chloride is chosen as the standard. Results are given for the system sodium-chloride–potassium-chloride at 25 °C., 30 °C., and 35 °C. Since there is a disagreement amongst the results for sodium chloride calculated from e.m.f. data and those determined from direct vapour pressure data, an arbitrarily selected vapour pressure curve is adopted. This curve is found to yield the activity coefficients of potassium chloride remarkably well. The method yields results whose accuracy is comparable with that of the best e.m.f. measurements.

scholarly journals The determination of the vapour-pressure curve of liquid helium below 1.6° K using a magnetic thermometer

1941 ◽  
Vol 178 (972) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Theoretical Curve ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Vapour Pressure Curve

The vapour-pressure curve of liquid helium below 1.6° K has been determined using the susceptibility of various paramagnetic salts as the thermometer. It is found that the results agree with the theoretical curve recently calculated by Bleaney and Simon to within the experimental error of 0.004° down to 1° K, and differ from the ‘scale 1937’ of Schmidt and Keesom, e.g. by 0.03° at 1° K.

scholarly journals The vapour-pressure curve

1941 ◽  
Vol 179 (977) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Pressure Equation ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Vapour Pressure Curve ◽  
The One

By an extension of Mayer’s theory of condensation, exact equations are derived for the vapour pressure and the condensation volume of the gas in terms of the virial coefficients on the one hand and the free energy of the condensed phase on the other. The formula for the vapour pressure reduces in first approximation to Stem’s vapour-pressure equation.

scholarly journals ACRYLAMIDE (CO)POLYMERS DISSOLUTION IN WATER-SALINE SOLUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Davlyud ◽  
P. D. Vorobiev ◽  
Yu. V. Matrunchik ◽  
E. V. Vorobieva ◽  
N. P. Krutko
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Ionogenic Group ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Capillary Viscosimetry ◽  
Saline Solutions

Dissolution of acrylamide anionic (co)polymers in saline solutions (potassium and sodium chlorides) with concentration of 3.4 mol/l was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical microscopy, gel-test and capillary viscosimetry. It has been established that with increasing in the content of ionogenic groups and the transition from sodium chloride to potassium chloride solutions the dissolution rate of (co)polymer increases. The concentration of cations of low molecular weight electrolytes is higher in the swollen polymer phase than in the solution in the swelling stage of polymers, the difference in the counter ion content decreases with increasing dissolution time. Comparative analysis of the Huggins constant and the hydrodynamic radii of acrylamide (co)polymers has showed that increase in the interaction in polymer-solvent system is accompanied by the increase in size of macromolecular coils. The Kuhn segment of polymer macromolecules is higher in sodium chloride solutions than in potassium chloride solutions and increases with the decrease in ionogenic group content.

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