Effect of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil, fractions and its derivatives on resistant fungal Strains

Persistentantimicrobial drugs treatmenthas resulted in antimicrobial resistance in fungi. There is always a gap for newer antifungal agent. As fungi are associated with multiple health risks in humans and many diseases in crops as well.Objective: To find alternate natural antimicrobial agent as compared to the synthetic one. Method:Essential oil of Trachyspermumammi was isolated, fractionated, and subjected to GC-MS analysis. Components from fractions were derivatized to check their antimicrobial potential against fungal resistant strains. Results:Analysis showed γ -terpinene (39%), α-phellandrene (1.3%), α-pinene (0.5%), Sabinene (0.15%), β-pinene (4.40%), β-myrcene (1.14%), O-cymene (15.78%), p-cymefne (38.78%), and other components were less than 1%. Fractional components were derivatised and their antifungal action was studied. Conclusion: Ajwain oil components found to be good against resistant fungal strains. While some derivatives showed more and some less antimicrobial action.

Sulfur in kukersite shale oil: its distribution in shale oil fractions and the effect of gaseous environment

In this article, we present data on the distribution of sulfur in Estonian kukersite shale oil. It was found that the highest concentration of sulfur is present in the fractions boiling between about 150 and 190°C. Also, we studied the effect of N2, N2/steam, CO2, and CO2/steam environments on the concentrations of some sulfur compounds in shale oil. The results show that thiophenic compounds comprise most of the sulfur compounds in crude kukersite shale oil. Furthermore, CO2 increased the concentration of some of the identified sulfur compounds in the shale oil as compared to N2. The presence of steam significantly increased the concentration of sulfur compounds in the oil as compared to dry sweeping gases. This was also supported by investigation of the release of H2S and SO2 gases during the pyrolysis of oil shale in which steam enhanced the release of sulfurous gases. The presence of steam not only enhances the release of sulfur compounds from oil shale, but also causes it to occur at lower temperatures.

Naftalan healing oil

Naphthalan oil is a unique therapeutic factor that has no analogues in the whole world. The healing properties of naphthalan, a special type of oil, have been known to medicine for over 600 years, and are successfully used in the treatment of various diseases. The uniqueness of naphthalan is manifested in its biological effect on the body. Today there are two naphthalan deposits in the world, on which resorts are built - Naftalan in Azerbaijan and Naftalan in Croatia, founded in 1989. The spectrum of use of this therapeutic oil is so wide that it is rightly considered a medical phenolmenon in the field of modification naftalan oil is an anti-inflammatory, folliculin-like, pain-reducing, softening, easy-to-use and low-cost drug. Naftalan oil is a unique natural medicine for its biological qualities, it is not a fuel, it is not found anywhere in the world with such characteristics. Key words: therapeutic naphthalene oil, fractions, naphthenic hydrocarbons, distillation

A 3-Step Reaction Model For Numerical Simulation of In-Situ Combustion

In-situ combustion (ISC) is an effective thermal enhanced oil recovery method. However, it is still not widely implemented in oilfields. One of the factors limiting the wide application of ISC is the challenge in its simulation and prediction. In this work, the oxidation experiments of maltenes and asphaltenes in reservoir rock were performed in the porous media thermo-effect cell (PMTEC) to establish a simplified reaction model based on non-isothermal measurements and to use it in numerical simulation of ISC process. It was found that the oxidation reaction process of oil fractions can be divided into different regions depending on generated self-energy rate and oxygen consumption rates that is up to the temperature. In order to propagate reactions from one mode to another, a specific oxygen consumption per unit mass of oil fractions is required. The average oxygen requirement for crossing LTOad (low temperature oxidation, oxygen addition reactions) boundary into LTC (low temperature combustion) mode was 64 mgO2/g(maltenes) and 10.4 mgO2/g(asphaltenes). To propagate reactions into HTO mode from the LTC mode, it requires about 646 mgO2/g(asphaltenes) for asphaltenes fraction. Moreover, this characterization seems to be a key tool when designing air injection in field pilots. Additionally, it was revealed that asphaltenes are more exothermic and require lower oxygen uptake per unit of temperature increment in comparison to maltenes. Furthermore, the mass conversion data obtained from non-isothermal measurements of oil fractions allow for the estimation of the stoichiometry coefficients of two low temperature oxidation reactions, i.e. oxidation and cocking processes, which can be included into a numerical simulation model to replicate combustion tube (CT) results. The numerical simulation model reveals that the simplified reaction model from a 6-step into a 3-step reaction scheme can reproduce ignition process, temperature profiles, combustion velocity, and fluid production, which thus makes it suitable for the upscaled modelling of ISC.

Reducing energy costs during solvent regeneration at the tar deasphalting unit

For propane tar deasphalting units, a rather high energy intensity of the technological process is characteristic. In order to reduce it, an assessment was made of the possibility of reducing the steam consumption during the regeneration of propane from asphalt solution. The study was carried out using a Honeywell UniSim Design modeling system, in which a model of a propane tar deasphalting unit was formed. The Peng-Robinson method was used as a mathematical package for calculating the thermodynamic properties of the components of the fractions. The component composition of the feedstock is represented by oil fractions with boiling points from 405 to 616 °C. When carrying out a computational experiment, the following values of technological parameters were used: the tar consumption was 38.9 t / h, the ratio (propane: raw material) was (6.4: 1), the yield of deasphalted oil was about 30 wt%. The performed analysis of a typical scheme for the regeneration of propane from asphalt solution showed that in the process stream supplied to the feed of the stripping column K-6, there is already a sufficiently large amount of a vapor phase consisting practically of propane and traces of oil fractions. To efficiently use the energy of the flow without attracting additional energy costs, it is advisable to separate the gas and liquid phases before they enter the column K-6, that is, to include an additional separator in the technological scheme before it. The performed computational experiment showed that in the proposed version of the technological scheme, the steam consumption required for the release of propane decreases by 17.5%, which, accordingly, for the subsequent devices of the scheme, reduces the amount of water discharged into the sewage system. Optimization of technological modes of the stripping column K-6 provides a clear separation of propane, in the flow of which the content of bitumen fractions is 0.03 mol%, which makes it possible in industrial conditions to return the flow of propane to the feed of the extraction column. The proposed technological solution for propane recovery can be used in the processes of one- and two-stage tar deasphalting.

Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

In this paper, the current advantages and disadvantages of using metal-containing nanocatalysts (NCs) for deep chemical oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of liquid fuels are reviewed. A similar analysis is performed for the oxidative biodesulfurization of oil along the 4S-pathway, catalyzed by various aerobic bacterial cells of microorganisms. The preferences of using NCs for the oxidation of organic sulfur-containing compounds in various oil fractions seem obvious. The text discusses the development of new chemical and biocatalytic approaches to ODS, including the use of both heterogeneous NCs and anaerobic microbial biocatalysts that catalyze the reduction of chemically oxidized sulfur-containing compounds in the framework of methanogenesis. The addition of anaerobic biocatalytic stages to the ODS of liquid fuel based on NCs leads to the emergence of hybrid technologies that improve both the environmental characteristics and the economic efficiency of the overall process. The bioconversion of sulfur-containing extracts from fuels with accompanying hydrocarbon residues into biogas containing valuable components for the implementation of C-1 green chemistry processes, such as CH4, CO2, or H2, looks attractive for the implementation of such a hybrid process.

Refined palm oil fractions: Effect of skim milk powder and maltodextrin on emulsion properties and microencapsulation by spray drying

The aim of this study was to investigate microencapsulation of palm oil fractions (palm olein (POL) and 90% palm olein+10% palm stearin (POS)) using skim milk powder (SMP) and maltodextrin (MD) by spray drying. Twenty-seven emulsions with POL were prepared to determine appropriate solid content (SC) and oil/coating material ratio (O/CM) of the emulsions to be fed into the spray dryer. Emulsion properties, such as viscosity and stability, were affected by SC and coating materials. The effects of coating materials used in microencapsulation of POL and POS were also tested by using different ratios of SMP and MD. The microencapsulation efficiency (69.28–84.97%), the microencapsulation yield (14.50–31.79%), and the peroxide value (4.12–7.07 meq O2/kg oil) of the powders were affected by the coating materials (P < 0.05).