Skull ontogeny of the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the comparative context of native North American ungulates

The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana (Ord, 1815)) is the single survivor of a largely extinct, isolated pecoran lineage (Antilocapridae) native to North America. We describe postnatal ontogeny of its skull in a comparative framework inclusive of representatives of other typical North American ungulate linages, all of which partially overlap in geographic distribution and share habitat with A. americana. To describe allometric growth, we took 23 linear cranial measurements in 30 specimens of A. americana and applied bi- and multi-variate statistics. The skull of A. americana generally grew with negative rates in width and height dimensions, and with positive rates in length, including an elongation of rostrum, particularly the nasals, and a relative narrowing of the braincase. We compared skull development in A. americana with development in two cervids (white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) and wapiti (Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777)) and two bovids (bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804) and American bison (Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758))). The multivariate ontogenetic trajectory of A. americana overlapped greatly with that of Odocoileus virginianus, and differed from the other species in varying degrees. These results indicated an essentially convergent pattern of skull growth with species showing important functional similarities, such as cervids of comparable size and feeding habits.

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Niche relationships within a guild of ungulate species in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, following release from artificial controls

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z94-183 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 1383-1394 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Francis J. Singer ◽

Jack E. Norland

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rank Order ◽

Mule Deer ◽

Bighorn Sheep ◽

Ovis Canadensis ◽

Bison Bison ◽

Exclusion Principle ◽

Antilocapra Americana ◽

Artemisia Frigida ◽

Niche Relationships

Niche relationships and diet overlaps were compared among elk (Cervus elaphus), bison (Bison bison), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) between 1967–1970 and 1986–1988, a period when total ungulate numbers nearly tripled on Yellowstone's northern range. Ungulate species ratios on Yellowstone's northern winter range during the latter period were 100 elk : 10 mule deer : 3 bison : 2 pronghorns : 1 bighorns. Elk numbers were positively correlated to bison, mule deer, and pronghorn numbers (r2 = 0.76, 0.97, and 0.48, respectively, P < 0.01). Few other changes in habitat use or habitat overlap occurred, and diets for only 2 of the 10 species pairs, elk-bighorn (Spearman's rank order coefficient (RHO) = 0.55, P < 0.05) and mule deer – pronghorn (RHO = 0.64, P < 0.05), were significantly associated with each other. Bison consumed more grass and fewer sedges, mule deer more fringed sage (Artemisia frigida) and more rabbit-brush (Chrysothamnus spp.), and bighorn sheep more grasses and fewer sedges, while pronghorns ate less saltsage (Atriplex nuttalli) but more big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) during 1986–1988 than during 1967–1970. Bison expanded their range and bison and bighorn sheep used a wider variety of habitats. We found little evidence of change in competitive interactions between ungulate species. A few diet and habitat overlaps increased, the opposite of the prediction from the competitive exclusion principle amongst species, suggesting that intraspecific competition was more important. Several explanations are proposed for the lack of changes in niche relationships during a period of near tripling in density of the ungulate guild.

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Native North American responses to the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) beetle

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e620412011-153 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Willow

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Native North American

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Indian Boarding School Gothic in Older than America and The Only Good Indian

American Studies in Scandinavia ◽

10.22439/asca.v47i2.5347 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 5-27

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kella

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Boarding School ◽

Boarding Schools ◽

Spiritual Values ◽

Feature Films ◽

Native North American ◽

Indian Boarding School ◽

Visual Sovereignty ◽

History Of ◽

Indian Boarding Schools

This article examines the appropriation and redirection of the Gothic in two contemporary, Native-centered feature films that concern a history that can be said to haunt many Native North American communities today: the history of Indian boarding schools. Georgina Lightning’s Older than America (2008) and Kevin Willmott’s The Only Good Indian (2009) make use of Gothic conventions and the figures of the ghost and the vampire to visually relate the history and horrors of Indian boarding schools. Each of these Native-centered films displays a cinematic desire to decenter Eurocentric histories and to counter mainstream American genres with histories and forms of importance to Native North American peoples. Willmott’s film critiques mythologies of the West and frontier heroism, and Lightning attempts to sensitize non-Native viewers to contemporary Native North American concerns while also asserting visual sovereignty and affirming spiritual values.

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OdoPlex: An STR multiplex panel optimized and validated for forensic identification and sex determination of North American mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments ◽

10.1016/j.fsiae.2021.100026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100026

Author(s):

Brian C. Hamlin ◽

Erin P. Meredith ◽

Jeff Rodzen ◽

Jolene A. Strand

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Odocoileus Virginianus ◽

North American ◽

Mule Deer ◽

Odocoileus Hemionus ◽

Forensic Identification

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PHILLIPS, Ruth B., Trading Identities. The Souvenir in Native North American Art from the Northeast, 1700-1900 (Montréal/Seattle, McGill’s-Queen’s University Press/University of Washington Press, 1998), 334 p.

Revue d histoire de l Amérique française ◽

10.7202/005539ar ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

France Lord

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

American Art ◽

University Of Washington ◽

Native North American ◽

Queen's University

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Coccomyces papillatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056401472 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

D. W. Minter

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

North American ◽

European Countries ◽

Native North American ◽

Pinus Wallichiana

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces papillatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: The ecology of this fungus is completely unknown. SHERWOOD (1980) noted strong similarities with Coccomyces strobi (IMI Descriptions No. 1292), which is known to occur on brittle dead attached twigs of native North American five-needled pines in North America and some European countries to which they have been introduced. This habitat is often associated with endobionts involved in self-pruning ecosystems which later fruit on dead twigs, best exemplified by Colpoma quercinum on Quercus and C. crispum on Picea (IMI Descriptions Nos 942. 1333), and Therrya fuckelii and T. pini on Pinus (IMI Descriptions Nos 1297, 1298) and it is tempting to speculate that C. papillatus too will prove to occupy this sort of niche. HOSTS: Pinus wallichiana (twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.

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