Survival of Some Freshwater Fishes in the Alkaline Eutrophic Waters of Nebraska

Of 14 species of freshwater fishes held in cages in one or more of 13 alkaline lakes and ponds in Nebraska, few species survived more than a month where carbonate alkalinity, mostly as compounds of Na2CO3 and KCO3, was above 300 mg/liter. Of the 14 species tested, Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), northern pike (Esox lucius), and the black bullhead (Ictalurus melas), were the most tolerant of alkaline environments. Most centrachid fishes except A. interruptus and the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), did not survive more than a month in alkaline waters greater than 950 mg/liter total alkalinity. A lake classification index for slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline environments is presented, along with suggested fish species for introduction into such waters.

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Propagated Fish in Resource Management

Propagated Fish in Resource Management ◽

10.47886/9781888569698.ch30 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Colorado River ◽

Pimephales Promelas ◽

Initial Study ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Green River ◽

Endangered Fish ◽

Black Bullhead ◽

Nonnative Fish ◽

Floodplain Reconnection ◽

Ictalurus Melas

Abstract.—Floodplains are presumed to be important rearing habitat for the endangered razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus. In an effort to recover this endemic Colorado River basin species, the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program developed a floodplain acquisition and enhancement program. A levee removal study was initiated in 1996 as one component of this floodplain restoration program. The goal of the Levee Removal Study was to evaluate the system responses to levee removal and make specific recommendations concerning the value of floodplain reconnection for endangered species (specifically razorback sucker) recovery. However, because there were very few razorback suckers in the Green River, answers to several important questions pertaining to razorback sucker utilization of the floodplain were not answered during this initial study. In an effort to answer some of these questions, age-1 and larval razorback suckers were stocked into depression floodplain wetland habitats along the Middle Green River in northeastern Utah. Age-1 razorback suckers were stocked during the spring of 1999 and 2000 into The Stirrup (river kilometer [Rkm] 444.0), Baeser Bend (Rkm 439.3), and Brennan (Rkm 432.0) wetland sites. Larval razorback suckers were stocked during the spring of 1999 into The Strirrup and into Baeser Bend during 2001. At the time of stocking, each floodplain site was occupied by numerous nonnative fish, including black bullhead catfish Ictalurus melas, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and common carp Cyprinus carpio. The goal of this study was to test if floodplain depressions will aid in the recovery of razorback suckers.

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Influence of Appearance of Prey and Satiation of Predator on Food Selection by Northern Pike (Esox lucius)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f73-057 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 317-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniel W. Coble

Keyword(s):

Carassius Auratus ◽

Fathead Minnow ◽

Food Selection ◽

Pimephales Promelas ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Esox Lucius ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Pike Esox Lucius ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽

Green Sunfish

Northern pike (Esox lucius) were put in tanks with fantail and regular-tail goldfish (Carassius auratus) or with goldfish of different colors. Physical appearance of prey did not affect the pike’s feeding. In experiments in plastic pools four species of fish were exposed to predation by northern pike that were satiated or deprived of food for either 2 or 4 weeks. The pike always selected carp (Cyprinus carpio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) over green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and bluegill (L. macrochirus).

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Morphometric Analysis of the Hepatocytes from Fish Exposed to Arsenic

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091391 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

Elsie M. B. Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Sodium Arsenate ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Mammalian Counterpart ◽

Intracellular Changes ◽

Green Sunfish ◽

Organic Pesticides

The detoxification capacity of the liver is well documented for a variety of substances including ethanol, organic pesticides, drugs, and metals. The piscean liver, although less enzymatically active than the mammalian counterpart (1), contains endoplasmic reticulum with an impressive repertoire of oxidizing, reducing, and conjugating abilities (2). Histopathologic changes are kncwn to occur in fish hepatocytes following in vivo exposure to arsenic (3); however, ultrastructural changes have not been reported. This study involved the morphometric analysis of intracellular changes in fish parynchymal hepatocytes and correlation with arsenic concentration in the liver.Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus, R.) were exposed to 0, 30, or 60 ppm arsenic (as sodium arsenate) at 20°C for 1, 2, or 3 week intervals before removal of livers for quantification of the arsenic burden (using neutron activation analysis) and morphometric analysis of ultrastructural alterations. Livers were cut into 1 mm cubes for fixation, dehydration, and embedding.

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Stereological Analyses of Hepatocyte Ultrastructure Monitor Arsenic Liver Burdens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600001896 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 442-443

Author(s):

E. M. B. Sorensen ◽

R. R. Mitchell ◽

L. L. Graham

Keyword(s):

Drainage System ◽

Water Levels ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hepatocyte Ultrastructure ◽

Lepomis Cyanellus ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Activation Data ◽

Water Analyses ◽

Municipal Lake ◽

Green Sunfish

Endemic freshwater teleosts were collected from a portion of the Navosota River drainage system which had been inadvertently contaminated with arsenic wastes from a firm manufacturing arsenical pesticides and herbicides. At the time of collection these fish were exposed to a concentration of 13.6 ppm arsenic in the water; levels ranged from 1.0 to 20.0 ppm during the four-month period prior. Scale annuli counts and prior water analyses indicated that these fish had been exposed for a lifetime. Neutron activation data showed that Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) had accumulated from 6.1 to 64.2 ppm arsenic in the liver, which is the major detoxification organ in arsenic poisoning. Examination of livers for ultrastructural changes revealed the presence of electron dense bodies and large numbers of autophagic vacuoles (AV) and necrotic bodies (NB) (1), as previously observed in this same species following laboratory exposures to sodium arsenate (2). In addition, abnormal lysosomes (AL), necrotic areas (NA), proliferated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and fibrous bodies (FB) were observed. In order to assess whether the extent of these cellular changes was related to the concentration of arsenic in the liver, stereological measurements of the volume and surface densities of changes were compared with levels of arsenic in the livers of fish from both Municipal Lake and an area known to contain no detectable level of arsenic.

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