Biochemical and Serological Characteristics of Ontario Isolates of Yersinia ruckeri

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. W. Stevenson ◽  
J. G. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

During testing hatchery and wild fish from Ontario sources, we isolated bacteria that had sufficient characteristics in common with Yersinia ruckeri to suggest they were strains of this organism. Three isolates from brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and cisco (Coregonus artedii) biochemically resembled the sorbitol-fermenting Serovar II strain of Y. ruckeri, but gave cross reactions with antiserum to the Hagerman strain, Serovar I. A fourth isolate from brown trout (Salmo trutta) appeared to be different from the three previously described serovars. A fifth isolate previously obtained from muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) intestine biochemically and serologically corresponded to the Hagerman serovar. We suggest that the geographic range of Y. ruckeri and variations in its biochemical and serological properties are greater than previously believed. These findings are of significance in diagnosis and regulation of enteric redmouth disease of salmonids.Key words: Yersinia ruckeri, enteric redmouth, ERM, bacterial disease, fish health protection

Bacterial Kidney Disease in Feral Populations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman ◽  
George T. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Incidence and effects of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were determined in wild, naturally reproducing populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA where BKD epizootics have been observed since 1972. During 1976, dead fish were collected at three upstream stations, and 60 live fish were collected from each of 11 stations. All fish were necropsied, and virological, bacteriological, and parasitological examinations were conducted by standard methods. An indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to detect the BKD organism in cultures and kidney tissue smears. Bacterial kidney disease was diagnosed in 100% of the dead brook trout collected. Incidence among live fish ranged from 83% at an upstream station to only 3% at the most downstream location, and was highest in brook trout and lowest in rainbow trout. Two longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), the only non-salmonids collected, were found negative for BKD. Clinical signs of infection and the most severe infections were found only in brook trout. Five age-classes of feral brook trout were involved in the epizootics. Since other known pathogens were essentially absent, it is believed that all deaths were due to BKD. Relationships between species susceptibility to BKD, age-classes, water chemistry and water temperatures, and certain ecological conditions are discussed. Key words: bacterial kidney disease, feral trout, epizootics, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout

Invasive brook trout disrupt the diel activity and aggregation patterns of native brown trout

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Larranaga ◽  
Magnus L. Wallerius ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Julien Cucherousset ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Competition Mode ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

In European streams, native brown trout (Salmo trutta) feed primarily on aquatic prey but consume a higher proportion of terrestrial prey in sympatry with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). This is a rare example of diet convergence that may be associated with changes in diel activity or aggregation pattern by brown trout in sympatry. We recorded the activity and positions of brown trout from two origins and in two competition modes (allopatry versus sympatry, four combinations) placed in replicated stream enclosures for 29 days to test these hypotheses. Brown trout originating from or placed in sympatry were more diurnal and aggregated than those originating from or placed in allopatry. Changes in the diel activity of brown trout placed in a novel competition mode occurred progressively throughout the study. Thus, brown trout show strong behavioral flexibility in response to the non-native competitor and can revert to allopatric behavior when brook trout is removed from the system. These behavioral adjustments may have unsuspected effects on food webs and ecosystem functioning, which deserve further attention.

scholarly journals Interspecific association of brown trout (Salmo trutta ) with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) at the fry stage

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Lovén Wallerius ◽  
Joacim Näslund ◽  
Barbara Koeck ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Interspecific Association ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Parasites of trout from the Au Sable River, Michigan, with emphasis on the population biology of Cystidicoloides tenuissima

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1549-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata

Trout (212 brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and 231 brown trout, Salmo trutta, Salmonidae) were collected from the Au Sable River, Michigan, and examined for parasites between April 1982 and July 1984. One hundred seventy-six brook trout and 153 brown trout were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Crepidostomum cooperi, Neascus sp., Eubothrium sp., Proteocephalus sp., Truttaedacnitis sp., Cystidicoloides tenuissima, Rhabdochona canadensis, Spinitectus gracilis, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., and Salmincola edwardsii. Cystidicoloides tenuissima, the most common and abundant species, did not exhibit a pronounced seasonal pattern in prevalence; mean intensity, however, was highest in July 1982, 1983, and 1984 in both trout species. The intensity of C. tenuissima increased as trout became older and then decreased in brook and brown trout 3 and 4 years of age, respectively. Data on the seasonality of S. gracilis and C. cooperi infecting trout are also presented. The muscles of trout were negative for parasites. Over 500 mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera) representing at least seven species were examined for parasites. Cystidicoloides tenuissima infected Ephemera simulans. Crepidostomum sp., Rhabdochona sp., and S. gracilis occurred in Hexagenia limbata.

Reproductive interactions between sympatric brook and brown trout in a small Minnesota stream

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Sorensen ◽  
Tim Essington ◽  
Dana E. Weigel ◽  
James R. Cardwell
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Reproductive Activities ◽  
Redd Superimposition

The reproductive activities of sympatric brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Minnesota stream were documented on a regular basis for 3 years to determine whether behavioral interactions between these species might influence their spawning activities and success. The spawning seasons of brook and brown trout consistently overlapped by 2–4 weeks, during which time nearly 10% of all sexually active females were simultaneously courted by males of both species. Male brook trout attempted to hybridize most frequently; however, both our behavioral observations and population census suggested that these fish had little success. There was also strong evidence of frequent redd superimposition, particularly by the later spawning and larger brown trout. Analysis of redd site habitat demonstrated that these species had overlapping preferences. Although it seems likely that attempted hybridization and redd superimposition work to the disadvantage of both species, the effects of these activities are likely to be particularly severe for the brook trout, which spawns earlier in the season, is smaller in size, and rarely survives to be old enough to spawn twice. Thus, reproductive interactions may be partially responsible for the displacement of brook trout by brown trout in many regions of North America.

Winter Habitat Utilization by Stream Resident Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1970-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Cunjak ◽  
Geoffrey Power
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Habitat utilization by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) is described from three winters of underwater observations in a southern Ontario river. Older trout (>age 1) generally occupied positions in deeper and faster water than age 0+ trout. In winter, at sites of sympatry, brown trout occupied greater focal point water depths than brook trout; both species had similar focal point water velocities. At all sites, and for both age groups and species, there was a strong preference for positions beneath cover. Relative to summer, trout positions in winter were characterized by slower water velocities and greater overhead cover, In winter, most trout were in aggregations, usually in pools beneath cover and close to point sources of groundwater discharge. Gregarious behaviour appeared to increase as water temperatures decreased; no such relationship was evident in the summer. Specific strategies for overwintering varied between sites and age groups but generally conformed to the theory of energetic cost minimization for position choice. These variable patterns appear to be adaptive.

Does the introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) affect growth of the native brown trout (Salmo trutta)?

2008 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Korsu ◽  
Ari Huusko ◽  
Timo Muotka
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta
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