Detailed Analysis of Sulphate and Nitrate Atmospheric Deposition Estimates at the Turkey Lakes Watershed

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. s14-s25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Sirois ◽  
Robert J. Vet
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Total Deposition ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Daily concentrations of sulphates and nitrates in air and precipitation were measured atthe Turkey Lakes Watershed from September 1980 until December 1984. The measurement data were used to estimate wet, dry, and total deposition of sulphates and nitrates to the watershed. Over the 4 yr, the annual values of total (wet plus dry) deposition ranged from 34 to 38 (± 15%) mmol∙m−2∙yr−1 for SO42− and from 38 to 47 (± 30%) mmol∙m−2∙yr−1 for NO3−. On a molar basis, the deposition of total NO3− exceeded the deposition of total SO42− by 19%. However, when converted to equivalents, total SO42− exceeded total NO3− by 68%. Dry deposition represented approximately 15 and 25% of the total deposition of SO42− and NO3−, respectively, to the watershed. Wet and dry deposition of sulphate and nitrate was found to be highly episodic, with the top 20% of daily events delivering 60–70% of the total sulphur and nitrogen deposition to the watershed. Statistically significant seasonal cycles were found in the concentration and deposition values of most of the sulphur and nitrogen species measured at the watershed.

Chemistry of Atmospheric Deposition, the Snowpack, and Snowmelt in the Turkey Lakes Watershed

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. s38-s46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Semkin ◽  
D. S. Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Total Deposition ◽  
Bulk Sampler ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Lake Waters

Bulk and wet-only deposition and the snowpack were monitored at the Turkey Lakes Watershed in northern Ontario over the winter and spring of 1986. Based on a comparison with snowpack and cumulative snowmelt, the bulk sampler overcollected major ions by factors ranging from 6 to 22%. Nitrate appeared to be preferentially collected by the bulk sampler relative to SO42− during snow events. Dry deposition was estimated to be 12 and 5% of total deposition forSO42− and NO3−, respectively. Ion budgets for cumulative bulk deposition and snowmelt supported the hypothesis that ion losses from the snowpack are insignificant during a winter having no melt episodes. Snowmelt was characterized by chemical fractionation of major ions; SO42− and H+ in initial meltwaters were 10 times more concentrated than the premelt snowpack. Preferential elution of ions in the snowmelt followed the sequence: SO42− > NO3− > H+ > Cl−. Snowmelt chemistry was used to predict changes in lake chemistry: H+, NO3−, and NH4+ levels should increase in lake waters; Ca2+ decreases through dilution by snowmelt; SO42− concentrations remain fairly constant.

Comparison of Bulk, Wet-Only, and Wet-plus-Dry Deposition Measurements at the Turkey Lakes Watershed

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. s26-s37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vet ◽  
Alain Sirois ◽  
Dean S. Jeffries ◽  
R. G. Semkin ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Bulk Deposition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
Seasonal Deposition ◽  
Nitrate Deposition

Four different types of atmospheric deposition measurements were made at the Turkey Lakes Watershed from 1981 to 1984. They included weekly and variable period bulk deposition measurements. The resulting annual and seasonal deposition estimates from the four methods were compared for numerical and statistical differences. Several results unexpected from the theory of the measurement methods appeared in the comparison: (1) one of the bulk deposition measurements produced lower deposition of acid-related ions than the two wet-only measurements and (2) the monthly wet-only measurements produced higher deposition of sulphate than the two bulk deposition data sets (by 6 and 19%). Several results were consistent with the theory of the measurements: (1) the daily wet-only measurements produced deposition values lower than the weekly bulk deposition measurements and (2) the wet-plus-dry deposition measurements produced higher estimates of sulphate and nitrate deposition than the two bulk data sets (15 – 35% higher). Laboratory biases appeared to be partially responsible for some of the differences found in the comparison.

scholarly journals Heavy metals and radionuclides concentrations in mosses from the region of Northern Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ch. Betsou ◽  
M. Frontasyeva ◽  
E. Tsakiri ◽  
J. Hansman ◽  
N. Kazakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Moss Survey ◽  
European Moss Survey

Mosses can be used as biomonitors for investigating the atmospheric deposition of radionuclides and heavy metals. They receive most of their nutrients directly from wet and dry deposition. During the 2015/2016 European moss survey, ninety-five samples of Hypnum cupressiformeHedw. were collected in Northern Greece. They were analyzed to the content of heavy metals using INAA. The concentrations of 137Cs,40K, 7Be and 210Pb radionuclides were determined using gamma spectrometry. Differences have been observed in the activity concentrations between mosses collected from ground surface, rocks, branches and near roots. Finally, a high sampling density was achieved, providing information for the elemental and radionuclides deposition from the atmosphere to terrestrial systems over the region of Northern Greece.

scholarly journals Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at 10 sites in Northern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 951-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Pan ◽  
Y. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is considered to be a major process that removes pollutants from the atmosphere and an important source of nutrients and contaminants for ecosystems. Trace elements (TEs), especially toxic metals deposited on plants and into soil or water, can cause substantial damage to the environment and human health due to their transfer and accumulation in food chains. Despite public concerns, quantitative knowledge of metal deposition from the atmosphere to ecosystems remains scarce. To advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in the magnitudes, pathways, compositions and impacts of atmospherically deposited TEs, precipitation (rain and snow) and dry-deposited particles were collected simultaneously at 10 sites in Northern China from December 2007 to November 2010. The measurements showed that the wet and dry depositions of TEs in the target areas were orders of magnitude higher than previous observations within and outside China, generating great concern over the potential risks. The spatial distribution of the total (wet plus dry) deposition flux was consistent with that of the dry deposition, with a significant decrease from industrial and urban areas to suburban, agricultural and rural sites, while the wet deposition exhibited less spatial variation. In addition, the seasonal variation of wet deposition was also different from that of dry deposition, although they were both governed by the precipitation and emission patterns. For the majority of TEs that exist as coarse particles, dry deposition dominated the total flux at each site. This was not the case for potassium, nickel, arsenic, lead, zinc, cadmium, selenium, silver and thallium, for which the relative importance between wet and dry deposition fluxes varied by site. Whether wet deposition is the major atmospheric cleansing mechanism for the TEs depends on the size distribution of the particles. We found that atmospheric inputs of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and selenium were of the same magnitude as their increases in the topsoil of agricultural systems. At a background forest site in Northern China, the total deposition flux of lead observed in this study (14.1 mg m−2 yr−1) was twice that of the critical load calculated for temperate forest ecosystems in Europe. These findings provide baseline data needed for future targeting policies to protect various ecosystems from long-term heavy metal input via atmospheric deposition.

scholarly journals Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at ten sites in Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 20647-20676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Pan ◽  
Y. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is considered to be a major process that removes pollutants from the atmosphere and an important source of nutrients and contaminants for ecosystems. Trace elements (TEs), especially toxic metals deposited on plants and into soil and water, can cause substantial damage to the environment and human health due to their transfer and accumulation in food chains. Despite public concerns, quantitative knowledge of metal deposition from the atmosphere to ecosystems remains scarce. To advance our understanding of the spatio-temporal variations in the magnitudes, pathways, compositions and impacts of atmospherically deposited TEs, precipitation (rain and snow) and dry-deposited particles were collected simultaneously at ten sites in Northern China from December 2007 to November 2010. The measurements showed that the wet and dry depositions of TEs in the target areas were orders of magnitude higher than previous observations within and outside China, generating great concern over the potential risks. The spatial distribution of the total (wet plus dry) deposition flux was consistent with that of the dry deposition, with a significant decrease from industrial and urban areas to suburban, agricultural and rural sites. In contrast, the wet deposition exhibited less spatial variation. The seasonal variation of wet deposition was also different from that of dry deposition, although they were both governed by the precipitation and emission patterns. For the majority of TEs that exist as coarse particles, dry deposition dominated the total flux at each site. This was not the case for K, Ni, As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Se, Ag and Tl, for which the relative importance between wet and dry deposition fluxes varied by site. Whether wet deposition is the major atmospheric cleansing mechanism for the TEs depends on the size distribution and solubility of the particles. We found that atmospheric inputs of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Se were of the same magnitude as their increases in the topsoil of agricultural systems. In addition, the total deposition flux of Pb observed at a forest site in this study was twice that of the critical load (7.0 mg m−2 yr−1) calculated for temperate forest ecosystems in Europe. These findings provide baseline data needed for future targeting policies to protect various ecosystems from long-term heavy metal input via atmospheric deposition.

Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
James S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

scholarly journals Triple oxygen isotopes indicate urbanization affects sources of nitrate in wet and dry atmospheric deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Nelson ◽  
Urumu Tsunogai ◽  
Ding Dong ◽  
Takuya Ohyama ◽  
Daisuke D. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Deposition

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrate deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities negatively affects human and environmental health. Identifying deposited nitrate that is produced locally vs. that originating from long-distance transport would help inform efforts to mitigate such impacts. However, distinguishing the relative transport distances of atmospheric nitrate in urban areas remains a major challenge since it may be produced locally and/or come from upwind regions. To address this uncertainty we assessed spatiotemporal variation in monthly weighted-average Δ17O and δ15N values of wet and dry nitrate deposition during one year at urban and rural sites along the western coast of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, downwind of the East Asian continent. Δ17O values of nitrate in wet deposition at the urban site mirrored those of wet and dry deposition at the rural site, ranging between ~ +22 and +30 ‰ with higher values during winter and lower values in summer, which suggests greater relative importance of oxidation of NO2 by O3 during winter and OH during summer. In contrast, Δ17O values of nitrate in dry deposition at the urban site were lower (+19–+25 ‰) and displayed less distinct seasonal variation. Furthermore, the difference between δ15N values of nitrate in wet and dry nitrate deposition was, on average, 3 ‰ greater at the urban than rural site, and Δ17O and δ15N values were correlated for both forms of deposition at both sites with the exception of dry deposition at the urban site. These results suggest that, relative to nitrate in wet deposition in urban environments and wet and dry deposition in rural environments, nitrate in dry deposition in urban environments forms from relatively greater oxidation of NO by peroxy radicals and/or oxidation of NO2 by OH. Given greater concentrations of peroxy radicals and OH in cities, these results imply that dry nitrate deposition results from local NOx emissions more so than wet deposition, which is transported longer distances. These results illustrate the value of stable isotope data for distinguishing the transport distances and reaction pathways of atmospheric nitrate pollution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document