Karyological analysis of an interspecific hybrid between the dioecious Silene latifolia and the hermaphroditic Silene viscosa

The genus Silene is a good model for studying evolution of the sex chromosomes, since it includes species that are hermaphroditic and dioecious, while maintain a basic chromosome number of 2n = 24. For some combinations of Silene species it is possible to construct interspecific hybrids. Here, we present a detailed karyological analysis of a hybrid between the dioecious Silene latifolia as the maternal plant and a related species, hermaphroditic Silene viscosa, used as a pollen partner. Using genomic probes (the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique), we were able to clearly discriminate parental genomes and to show that they are largely separated in distinct nuclear domains. Molecular GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) markers document that the hybrid genome of somatic cells was strictly additive and stable, and that it had 12 chromosomes originating from each parent, including the only X chromosome of S. latifolia. Meiotic analysis revealed that, although related, respective parental chromosomes did not pair or paired only partially, which resulted in frequent chromosome abnormalities such as bridges and irregular non-disjunctions. GISH and FISH markers clearly document that the larger genome of S. latifolia and its largest chromosome component, the X chromosome, were mostly employed in chromosome lagging and misdivision.Key words: sex chromosome, Silene, interspecific hybrid, meiotic pairing, misdivision.

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Laser isolation of plant sex chromosomes: studies on the DNA composition of the X and Y sex chromosomes of Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/g97-793 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 705-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Charles P. Scutt ◽

Yasuko Kamisugi ◽

Philip M. Gilmartin ◽

Fukumi Sakai

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Dioecious Species ◽

Mitotic Metaphase Chromosome ◽

Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽

Plant Sex Chromosomes

X and Y sex chromosomes from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (white campion) were isolated from mitotic metaphase chromosome preparations on polyester membranes. Autosomes were ablated using an argon ion laser microbeam and isolated sex chromosomes were then recovered on excised fragments of polyester membrane. Sex chromosome associated DNA sequences were amplified using the degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP–PCR) and pools of DOP–PCR products were used to investigate the genomic organization of the S. latifolia sex chromosomes. The chromosomal locations of cloned sex chromosome repeat sequences were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and data complementary to laser ablation studies were obtained by genomic in situ hybridization. In combination, these studies demonstrate that the X and Y sex chromosomes of S. latifolia are of very similar DNA composition and also that they share a significant repetitive DNA content with the autosomes. The evolution of sex chromosomes in Silene is discussed and compared with that in another dioecious species, Rumex acetosa.Key words: FISH, GISH, laser-microdissection, sex chromosome, Silene latifolia.

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On the Genomic Location of theexuperantia1Gene inDrosophila miranda: The Limits ofin SituHybridization Experiments

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/164.3.1237 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 164 (3) ◽

pp. 1237-1240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Doris Bachtrog ◽

Brian Charlesworth

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Chromosomal Location ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Gene Families ◽

Hybridization Signal ◽

Genomic Location ◽

Multiple Copies

AbstractIn situ hybridization to Drosophila polytene chromosomes is a powerful tool for determining the chromosomal location of genes. Using in situ hybridization experiments, Yi and Charlesworth recently reported the transposition of the exuperantia1 gene (exu1) from a neo-sex chromosome to the ancestral X chromosome of Drosophila miranda, close to exuperantia2 (exu2). By characterizing sequences flanking exu1, however, we found the position of exu1 to be conserved on the neo-sex chromosome. Further, the exu2 gene was found to be tandemly duplicated on the X chromosome of D. miranda. The misleading hybridization signal of exu1 may be caused by multiple copies of exu2, which interfere with the hybridization of the exu1 probe to its genomic position on the neo-X chromosome. This suggests that flanking DNA should be used to confirm the positions of members of gene families.

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Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids by meiotic analysis and genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-027 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 712-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

George Fedak ◽

Qin Chen ◽

Robert L Conner ◽

André Laroche ◽

René Petroski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

The Other ◽

Meiotic Pairing ◽

Genomic Constitution ◽

Meiotic Analysis ◽

Partial Amphiploid ◽

Partial Amphiploids

A combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and meiotic pairing analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids was employed to identify the genomic constitution and relationships between partial amphiploids derived from wheat and wheatgrass crosses. On the basis of similarities in the meiotic behavior and GISH patterns, the alien chromosomes of two of eight partial amphiploids, TAF46 and 'Otrastayuskaya 38', were judged to originate from Th. intermedium, whereas Th. ponticum was one of the parents of the other six partial amphiploids; PWM706, PWM206, PWM209, PWMIII, OK7211542, and Ag-wheat hybrid. Each of these partial amphiploids was found to contain a synthetic alien genome composed of different combinations of St-, J-, or Js-genome chromosomes. For relatedness of partial amphiploid lines, meiotic analysis of F1 hybrids and GISH results were generally complementary, but the latter offered greater precision in identifying constituent genomes.Key words: wheat, Thinopyrum, partial amphiploids, GISH, meiotic analysis.

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Fundamentally different repetitive element composition of sex chromosomes in Rumex acetosa

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 33-47

Author(s):

Wojciech Jesionek ◽

Markéta Bodláková ◽

Zdeněk Kubát ◽

Radim Čegan ◽

Boris Vyskot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Rumex Acetosa ◽

Dioecious Species ◽

Y Chromosomes

Abstract Background and Aims Dioecious species with well-established sex chromosomes are rare in the plant kingdom. Most sex chromosomes increase in size but no comprehensive analysis of the kind of sequences that drive this expansion has been presented. Here we analyse sex chromosome structure in common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), a dioecious plant with XY1Y2 sex determination, and we provide the first chromosome-specific repeatome analysis for a plant species possessing sex chromosomes. Methods We flow-sorted and separately sequenced sex chromosomes and autosomes in R. acetosa using the two-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension (FISHIS) method and Illumina sequencing. We identified and quantified individual repeats using RepeatExplorer, Tandem Repeat Finder and the Tandem Repeats Analysis Program. We employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyse the chromosomal localization of satellites and transposons. Key Results We identified a number of novel satellites, which have, in a fashion similar to previously known satellites, significantly expanded on the Y chromosome but not as much on the X or on autosomes. Additionally, the size increase of Y chromosomes is caused by non-long terminal repeat (LTR) and LTR retrotransposons, while only the latter contribute to the enlargement of the X chromosome. However, the X chromosome is populated by different LTR retrotransposon lineages than those on Y chromosomes. Conclusions The X and Y chromosomes have significantly diverged in terms of repeat composition. The lack of recombination probably contributed to the expansion of diverse satellites and microsatellites and faster fixation of newly inserted transposable elements (TEs) on the Y chromosomes. In addition, the X and Y chromosomes, despite similar total counts of TEs, differ significantly in the representation of individual TE lineages, which indicates that transposons proliferate preferentially in either the paternal or the maternal lineage.

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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Sex-Chromosome Mosaicism in Azoospermic Men

Journal of Andrology ◽

10.1002/j.1939-4640.2001.tb03437.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 970-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

HIROSHI OKADA ◽

MASAKI DOBASHI ◽

TAKAFUMI YAMAZAKI ◽

MASATO FUJISAWA ◽

SOICHI ARAKAWA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Hybridization Analysis ◽

Chromosome Mosaicism

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Analysis of BAC clones containing homologous sequences on the end of the Xq arm and on chromosome 7 in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/g10-008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 311-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kotaro Ishii ◽

Yasuhito Amanai ◽

Yusuke Kazama ◽

Miho Ikeda ◽

Hiroshi Kamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Dna ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Artificial Chromosome ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Dioecious Plant ◽

Homologous Sequences ◽

Autosomal Region ◽

Single Primer

Silene latifolia is a model dioecious plant with morphologically distinguishable XY sex chromosomes. The end of the Xq arm is quite different from that of the Yp arm, although both are located at opposite ends of their respective chromosomes relative to a pseudo-autosomal region. The Xq arm does not seem to originate from the same autosome as the Yp arm. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone #15B12 has an insert containing a 130-kb stretch in which a 313-bp satellite DNA is repeated 420 times. PCR with a single primer revealed that this 130-kb stretch consists of three reversals of the orientation of the satellite DNA. A non-long terminal repeat retroelement and two sequences that share homology with an Oryza sativa RING zinc finger and a putative Arabidopsis thaliana protein, respectively, were found in the sequences that flank the satellite DNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization carried out using this low-copy region of #15B12 as a probe confirmed that these sequences originated from the X chromosome and that homologous sequences exist at the end of chromosome 7. The region distal to DD44X on the Xq arm is postulated to have recombined with a region containing satellite DNA on chromosome 7 during the process of sex chromosome evolution.

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