Analysis of BAC clones containing homologous sequences on the end of the Xq arm and on chromosome 7 in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Silene latifolia is a model dioecious plant with morphologically distinguishable XY sex chromosomes. The end of the Xq arm is quite different from that of the Yp arm, although both are located at opposite ends of their respective chromosomes relative to a pseudo-autosomal region. The Xq arm does not seem to originate from the same autosome as the Yp arm. Bacterial artificial chromosome clone #15B12 has an insert containing a 130-kb stretch in which a 313-bp satellite DNA is repeated 420 times. PCR with a single primer revealed that this 130-kb stretch consists of three reversals of the orientation of the satellite DNA. A non-long terminal repeat retroelement and two sequences that share homology with an Oryza sativa RING zinc finger and a putative Arabidopsis thaliana protein, respectively, were found in the sequences that flank the satellite DNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization carried out using this low-copy region of #15B12 as a probe confirmed that these sequences originated from the X chromosome and that homologous sequences exist at the end of chromosome 7. The region distal to DD44X on the Xq arm is postulated to have recombined with a region containing satellite DNA on chromosome 7 during the process of sex chromosome evolution.

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LTR retrotransposons in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/g02-026 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 745-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sachihiro Matsunaga ◽

Fumi Yagisawa ◽

Maki Yamamoto ◽

Wakana Uchida ◽

Shunsuke Nakao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Ltr Retrotransposons ◽

Dioecious Plant ◽

Dioecious Species ◽

Y Chromosomes ◽

Genus Silene ◽

Silene Species

Conserved domains of two types of LTR retrotransposons, Ty1copia- and Ty3gypsy-like retrotransposons, were isolated from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia, whose sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. Southern hybridization analyses using these retrotransposons as probes resulted in identical patterns from male and female genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that these retrotransposons do not accumulate specifically in the sex chromosomes. These results suggest that recombination between the sex chromosomes of S. latifolia has not been severely reduced. Conserved reverse transcriptase regions of Ty1copia-like retrotransposons were isolated from 13 different Silene species and classified into two major families. Their categorization suggests that parallel divergence of the Ty1copia-like retrotransposons occurred during the differentiation of Silene species. Most functional retrotransposons from three dioecious species, S. latifolia, S. dioica, and S. diclinis, fell into two clusters. The evolutionary dynamics of retrotransposons implies that, in the genus Silene, dioecious species evolved recently from gynodioecious species.Key words: retrotransposon, dioecious plant, sex chromosome.

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Sex Chromosome Evolution Revealed by Physical Mapping of SlAP3X/Y in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.75.319 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rie Nishiyama ◽

Kotaro Ishii ◽

Etsuko Kifune ◽

Yusuke Kazama ◽

Kiyoshi Nishihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Mapping ◽

Chromosome Evolution ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽

Dioecious Plant

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Karyological analysis of an interspecific hybrid between the dioecious Silene latifolia and the hermaphroditic Silene viscosa

Genome ◽

10.1139/g05-112 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michaela Markova ◽

Martina Lengerova ◽

Jitka Zluvova ◽

Bohuslav Janousek ◽

Boris Vyskot

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Meiotic Pairing ◽

Meiotic Analysis ◽

Karyological Analysis ◽

Hybrid Genome

The genus Silene is a good model for studying evolution of the sex chromosomes, since it includes species that are hermaphroditic and dioecious, while maintain a basic chromosome number of 2n = 24. For some combinations of Silene species it is possible to construct interspecific hybrids. Here, we present a detailed karyological analysis of a hybrid between the dioecious Silene latifolia as the maternal plant and a related species, hermaphroditic Silene viscosa, used as a pollen partner. Using genomic probes (the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique), we were able to clearly discriminate parental genomes and to show that they are largely separated in distinct nuclear domains. Molecular GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) markers document that the hybrid genome of somatic cells was strictly additive and stable, and that it had 12 chromosomes originating from each parent, including the only X chromosome of S. latifolia. Meiotic analysis revealed that, although related, respective parental chromosomes did not pair or paired only partially, which resulted in frequent chromosome abnormalities such as bridges and irregular non-disjunctions. GISH and FISH markers clearly document that the larger genome of S. latifolia and its largest chromosome component, the X chromosome, were mostly employed in chromosome lagging and misdivision.Key words: sex chromosome, Silene, interspecific hybrid, meiotic pairing, misdivision.

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Laser isolation of plant sex chromosomes: studies on the DNA composition of the X and Y sex chromosomes of Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/g97-793 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 705-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Charles P. Scutt ◽

Yasuko Kamisugi ◽

Philip M. Gilmartin ◽

Fukumi Sakai

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Dioecious Species ◽

Mitotic Metaphase Chromosome ◽

Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽

Plant Sex Chromosomes

X and Y sex chromosomes from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (white campion) were isolated from mitotic metaphase chromosome preparations on polyester membranes. Autosomes were ablated using an argon ion laser microbeam and isolated sex chromosomes were then recovered on excised fragments of polyester membrane. Sex chromosome associated DNA sequences were amplified using the degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP–PCR) and pools of DOP–PCR products were used to investigate the genomic organization of the S. latifolia sex chromosomes. The chromosomal locations of cloned sex chromosome repeat sequences were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and data complementary to laser ablation studies were obtained by genomic in situ hybridization. In combination, these studies demonstrate that the X and Y sex chromosomes of S. latifolia are of very similar DNA composition and also that they share a significant repetitive DNA content with the autosomes. The evolution of sex chromosomes in Silene is discussed and compared with that in another dioecious species, Rumex acetosa.Key words: FISH, GISH, laser-microdissection, sex chromosome, Silene latifolia.

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The clustering of four subfamilies of satellite DNA at individual chromosome ends in Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/g05-130 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 520-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yusuke Kazama ◽

Ryuji Sugiyama ◽

Yumiko Suto ◽

Wakana Uchida ◽

Shigeyuki Kawano

Keyword(s):

X Chromosome ◽

Satellite Dna ◽

Bac Library ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Bac Clone ◽

Bac Clones ◽

Autosomal Region ◽

Repeat Units ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Unique Composition

The satellite DNA (satDNA) on the ends of chromosomes has been isolated and characterized in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. BAC clones containing large numbers of repeat units of satDNA in a tandem array were isolated to examine the clustering of the repeat units. satDNA repeat units were purified from each isolated BAC clone and sequenced. To investigate pairwise similarities among the repeat units, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining algorithm. The repeat units derived from 7 BAC clones were grouped into SacI, KpnI, #11F02, and #16E07 subfamilies. The SacI and KpnI subfamilies have been reported previously. Multicolored fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using SacI or KpnI subfamily probes resulted in different signal intensities and locations at the chromosomal ends, indicating that each chromosomal end has a unique composition of subfamilies of satDNA. For example, the p arm of the X chromosome exhibited signal composition similar to that on the pseudo autosomal region (PAR) of the Y chromosome, but not to that on the q arm of the X chromosome. The satDNA has not been completely homogenized in the S. latifolia genome. Each subfamily is available for a probe of FISH karyotyping.Key words: BAC library, concerted evolution, multicolored FISH, karyotyping, satellite DNA, Silene latifolia.

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A subtelomeric satellite DNA family isolated from the genome of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-42-3-442 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 442-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M.A. Garrido-Ramos ◽

R. de la Herrán ◽

M. Ruiz Rejón ◽

C. Ruiz Rejón

Keyword(s):

Satellite Dna ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Dioecious Plant

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The Sex Chromosomes of Silene latifolia Revisited and Revised

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/165.2.935 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 935-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Lengerova ◽

Richard C Moore ◽

Sarah R Grant ◽

Boris Vyskot

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Pseudoautosomal Region ◽

Dioecious Plant ◽

Y Chromosomes ◽

Classical Studies ◽

Evolutionary Studies ◽

Proper Orientation

Abstract Classical studies have established that, during meiosis, the X and Y chromosomes of the model dioecious plant Silene latifolia pair over a region at the ends of their q arms. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization of two molecular markers to demonstrate that this widely accepted model is incorrect. From these data we conclude that the homologous arm of the X chromosome is the p arm and that of the Y chromosome is the q arm. The establishment of the proper orientation of the pseudoautosomal region is essential for mapping and evolutionary studies.

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A satellite DNA evolutionary analysis in the North American endemic dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus (Polygonaceae)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g10-115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M.E. Quesada del Bosque ◽

R. Navajas-Pérez ◽

J.L. Panero ◽

A. Fernández-González ◽

M.A. Garrido-Ramos

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

North American ◽

Satellite Dna ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Dioecious Plant ◽

The North ◽

Sex Chromosome System ◽

Rumex Hastatulus

We studied the evolution of RAE180 satellite DNA family in the North American endemic dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus . In this species, the Texas race is characterized by a single XX/XY sex chromosome system, whereas the North Carolina race has evolved a derived complex XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosome system. RAE180 repeats were autosomic and poorly represented (2 × 10–4% of the genome) with no differences between individuals of different genders or different races of R. hastatulus. In fact, the sex chromosomes of the North Carolina race are still euchromatic, and they have not accumulated satellite DNA sequences, which contrasts with that occurring in the rest of dioecious XX/XY1Y2 Rumex species. In R. hastatulus, we detected the existence of three RAE180 subfamilies. Notwithstanding, while in the Texas race the TX1/NC1 subfamily is the most frequent, the TX2/NC2 subfamily is the most abundant in the North Carolina race. Additionally, the third, less represented subfamily (TX3/NC3) appears currently as relict sequences in both genomes. A common feature of RAE180 satellite is the sudden replacement of one sequence variant by another in different species (or populations as in R. hastatulus races). Thus, the phylogenetic analysis of RAE180 repeats from six dioecious Rumex species supports the “library” hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, we assume that a set of divergent RAE180 variants were present in the ancestral genome of dioecious Rumex species, from which novel tandem arrays originated by the amplification of different variants in different lineages. Differential levels of RAE180 satellite DNA amplification in each lineage, at different evolutionary times, and in different chromosomal positions gave rise to differential patterns of sequence evolution.

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Genetic and Functional Analysis of DD44, a Sex-Linked Gene From the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia, Provides Clues to Early Events in Sex Chromosome Evolution

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/163.1.321 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 163 (1) ◽

pp. 321-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard C Moore ◽

Olga Kozyreva ◽

Sabine Lebel-Hardenack ◽

Jiri Siroky ◽

Roman Hobza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Evolution ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Silene Latifolia ◽

Evolutionary Analysis ◽

Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽

Dioecious Plant ◽

Linked Gene ◽

Recent Emergence

Abstract Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of S. latifolia provide an opportunity to study the early events in sex chromosome evolution because of their relatively recent emergence. In this article, we present the genetic and physical mapping, expression analysis, and molecular evolutionary analysis of a sex-linked gene from S. latifolia, DD44 (Differential Display 44). DD44 is homologous to the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein, an essential component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, and is ubiquitously expressed in both sexes. We have been able to genetically map DD44 to a region of the Y chromosome that is genetically linked to the carpel-suppressing locus. Although we have physically mapped DD44 to the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DD44 maps to the opposite arm of the Y chromosome as determined by our genetic map. These data suggest that chromosomal rearrangements have occurred on the Y chromosome, which may have contributed to the genetic isolation of the Y chromosome. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the structural and functional evolution of the S. latifolia Y chromosome.

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