EFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS AND SOME CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ON INDUCTION OF TELOTRISOMICS IN HORDEUM

Trisomic lines for each of chromosomes 1,3,4,5, and 7 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were subjected to mutagens viz, EMS, DES, HA, FUdR and γ rays in an attempt to induce telocentrics in the extra chromosome. DES and EMS caused a relatively high degree of lethality of trisomies compared with that of disomics. Treatment with HA and γ rays at the time of meiosis caused almost complete sterility. No telotrisomics were recovered from these treatments. Irradiation of trisomic seedlings resulted in the isolation of 11 fragments of which 6 were true telocentrics. The frequency of telocentrics was significantly increased over non-treated material only in stocks of trisomic for chromosomes 1 and 7. All chromosome breaks induced in chromosome 7 were localized at the centromere and the adjacent region of the long arm.

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MEIOSIS IN 8-CHROMOSOME BARLEY HAPLOIDS

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g77-023 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George Fedak

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Extra Chromosome ◽

Normal Chromosome ◽

Short Chromosome ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Normal Complement ◽

Chromosome Synapsis ◽

Haploid Plants

Meiosis was studied in four 8-chromosome haploid plants produced from Wiebe's barley (2n = 14 + 2 centric fragments) (Hordeum vulgare L.) in which the extra chromosome had lost its telomeres and was one-third the length of a normal chromosome. Although secondary associations occurred, pairing between the normal and fragmented chromosome was rare despite the presence of homologous segments between them, indicating that the deletion of the telomeres restricted chromosome synapsis. A high bivalent frequency was attributed to a translocation between a long and short chromosome of the normal complement that persisted through the haploidization process.

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Analysis of a rare recombination event within the multigenic Hor 2 locus of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300025490 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Peter R. Shewry ◽

Saroj Parmar ◽

Julian Franklin ◽

Shirley R. Burgess

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Recombination Event ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Genomic Clone ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Ancestral Gene ◽

Sds Page ◽

High Degree

SummaryA rare recombinant within the multigenic Hor 2 locus of barley was detected by SD-PAGE of hordein fractions from F2 grain from the cross Bomi × P12/3. Analysis of a homozygous F4 line by 2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE showed that recombination between the class I/II and class III subfamilies of genes had occurred, indicating that they are spatially separate within the Hor 2 locus. RFLP analysis using a B hordein-related cDNA clone confirmed that recombination had occurred, while similar analysis using a genomic clone related to γ-type hordein (encoded by the Hor 5/HrdF locus) indicated the order of the two subfamilies of genes on the short arm of chromosome 5, the class I/II genes being closer to the centromere. The results are consistent with the origin of the B hordein gene family from initial duplication of a single ancestral gene to give two genes which diverged to become the ancestors of the class I/II and class III subfamilies. Subsequent cycles of duplication and divergence have resulted in the present high degree of polymorphism.

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Morrison barley

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-022 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 187-188

Author(s):

K. M. Ho

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Key Words ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Centre ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

High Degree ◽

High Test

Morrison is a two-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. It was selected from a Rodeo/Gitane cross. Morrison has high yield, high test weight, large kernels, good lodging resistance and a high degree of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis D.C.). It is suitable for growing in Eastern Canada. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., two-rowed barley, feed barley, high yield

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Gamma-rays and EMS-induced ear mutants in Hordeum vulgare L.

Journal of Heredity ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109333 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 151-152

Author(s):

R. KUMAR ◽

S. V. S. CHAUHAN

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

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Quantitative trait loci on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 7 associated with components of winterhardiness

Genome ◽

10.1139/g93-009 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

P. M. Hayes ◽

T. Blake ◽

T. H. H. Chen ◽

S. Tragoonrung ◽

F. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Genome Mapping ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Trait Loci ◽

Qtl Effects

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling traits associated with winterhardiness in barley (field survival, LT50, growth habit, and crown fructan content) were mapped to chromosome 7 in a population of 100 F1-derived doubled haploid lines. The largest QTL effects for all traits were detected in a 21% recombination interval on the long arm of chromosome 7. QTL in this region accounted for 37–68% of the variation for three measures of cold tolerance, 47% of the variation for growth habit, and 28% of the variation in crown fructan content. Trait association may be due to linkage rather than pleiotropy.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, genome mapping, quantitative trait loci, winterhardiness, cold tolerance, fructan, growth habit.

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MEIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS IN BARLEY LINES WITH EIGHT PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES AND THEIR HAPLOIDS

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g76-089 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 753-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. A. Finch ◽

K. J. Kasha

Keyword(s):

Extra Chromosome ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Chromosome 8 ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Chromosome 5 ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Pairing Behavior ◽

Mother Cells ◽

Extra Fragment

Meiosis was studied in pollen mother cells and embryo sac mother cells of seven lines of eight-paired barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in diploids (2n = 16) and their haploids (2n = 8). Translocation 5-7a, whose breakpoints are distal on chromosome 5 and in the satellite of chromosome 7, was found in all lines. The extra fragment chromosome (8) is a normal or translocation form of chromosome 5 deficient for terminal regions. In diploids, the extra chromosome behaves regularly at meiosis except for occasional univalent-formation and can form a symmetric ring bivalent, but it never forms chiasmata with other chromosomes. In haploids, however, it forms a low frequency of chiasmata with chromosome 5 but this frequency is reduced when the terminal region of chromosome 5 pairs homologously with the satellite region of 7. Based on the hypothesis used to explain chromosome pairing behavior, it should be possible to derive and identify additional eight-paired lines that would be useful for breeding.

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Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124628 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 844-845

Author(s):

R.H.M. Cross ◽

C.E.J. Botha ◽

A.K. Cowan ◽

B.J. Hartley

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Lethal Mutant ◽

Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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