Analysis of a rare recombination event within the multigenic Hor 2 locus of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

SummaryA rare recombinant within the multigenic Hor 2 locus of barley was detected by SD-PAGE of hordein fractions from F2 grain from the cross Bomi × P12/3. Analysis of a homozygous F4 line by 2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE showed that recombination between the class I/II and class III subfamilies of genes had occurred, indicating that they are spatially separate within the Hor 2 locus. RFLP analysis using a B hordein-related cDNA clone confirmed that recombination had occurred, while similar analysis using a genomic clone related to γ-type hordein (encoded by the Hor 5/HrdF locus) indicated the order of the two subfamilies of genes on the short arm of chromosome 5, the class I/II genes being closer to the centromere. The results are consistent with the origin of the B hordein gene family from initial duplication of a single ancestral gene to give two genes which diverged to become the ancestors of the class I/II and class III subfamilies. Subsequent cycles of duplication and divergence have resulted in the present high degree of polymorphism.

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Morrison barley

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-022 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 187-188

Author(s):

K. M. Ho

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Key Words ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Centre ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

High Degree ◽

High Test

Morrison is a two-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. It was selected from a Rodeo/Gitane cross. Morrison has high yield, high test weight, large kernels, good lodging resistance and a high degree of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis D.C.). It is suitable for growing in Eastern Canada. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., two-rowed barley, feed barley, high yield

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Characterization by RFLP analysis and genomic in situ hybridization of a recombinant and a monosomic substitution plant derived from Hordeum vulgare L. × Hordeum bulbosum L. crosses

Genome ◽

10.1139/g97-028 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 195-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. A. Pickering ◽

A. M. Hill ◽

R. G. Kynast

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Barley Chromosome ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Hordeum Bulbosum ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L

Interspecific crosses in Hordeum have been made with the aim of transferring desirable traits, such as disease resistance, from a wild species, Hordeum bulbosum, into cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Interspecific recombinants have previously been identified using several methods, but there are limitations with all the techniques. We improved our ability to characterize progeny from H. vulgare × H. bulbosum crosses by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The plant material comprised a recombinant and a monosomic alien substitution plant derived from H. vulgare × H. bulbosum crosses. The recombinant possesses a pubescent leaf sheath conferred by a gene transferred from H. bulbosum into barley cultivar Golden Promise. The use of GISH on a plant homozygous for the pubescence gene confirmed the presence of H. bulbosum DNA located distally on two barley chromosomes and we mapped the introgression to barley chromosome 4HL using RFLP analysis. Furthermore, by means of an allelism test we found that the transferred gene for pubescence is allelic or closely linked to a gene for pubescence (Hs) located on barley chromosome 4HL. The presence of a single H. bulbosum chromosome in the monosomic substitution plant was confirmed by GISH. A distal introgression of H. bulbosum DNA was also observed on one barley chromosome, which was located on chromosome 3HL by RFLP analysis.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, interspecific hybrid, gene introgression, genomic in situ hybridization.

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Acetolactate Synthase from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): Purification and Partial Characterization

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1988-11-1210 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (11-12) ◽

pp. 850-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jörg Durner ◽

Peter Böger

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Active Species ◽

Basic Unit ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Sds Page ◽

Branched Chain

Abstract Acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18; ALS) has been extracted from etiolated barley shoots (Hordeum vulgare L.) and purified to near homogeneity. Purification was made possible by a fivestep procedure using hydrophobic interaction, gel filtration, anion-exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography, the last two steps performed with an HPLC- and FPLC-system, respectively. A 300-fold purification was achieved representing 13% of the initial activity in the crude extract; only small amounts of pure acetolactate synthase could be isolated. Although the enzyme was found labile during the chromatographic steps, purified ALS maintained its activity for several hours and could be stored at 70 K for weeks with a 15-30% loss. The apparent molecular weights of the enzymatically active species as determined by gel filtration were about 440 kDa and 200 kDa, respectively. We assume these species are no isozymes but different polymeric forms of a basic unit of ALS. SDS-PAGE analysis showed one polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 58 kDa. Preliminary enzymatic characterization of the purified enzyme confirms a marked synergism in the feedback control by branched-chain amino acids. The combination of valine plus leucine exhibited the most co-operative inhibition.

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Hordein variation in Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild barley (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.)

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572000000200031 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Cinara Echart-Almeida ◽

Suzana Cavalli-Molina

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Native Species ◽

Wild Barley ◽

Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Polypeptide Patterns ◽

Sds Page ◽

Cultivated Species

SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the hordein polypeptide patterns of Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and of two native species of Hordeum from southern Brazil (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.). Forty different hordein polypeptide bands with molecular weights ranging from 30 to 94 kDa were found in the seeds of the three species studied. Twelve of the 14 varieties examined showed intravarietal polymorphism. The number of bands ranged from 10 to 17, depending on the variety, and from 3 to 13 among individual seeds, with a total of 26 bands in H. vulgare. Phenograms using each seed as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the seeds from most varieties did not form distinct clusters. Seeds from different plants of the native species varied considerably. The molecular weights of the hordein polypeptides of the two native species were quite different from those of H. vulgare. There was a greater similarity between the native species than with H. vulgare, although H. stenostachys was slightly closer to the cultivated species than H. euclaston.

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EFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS AND SOME CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ON INDUCTION OF TELOTRISOMICS IN HORDEUM

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g73-095 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 815-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. I. Sayed ◽

S. B. Helgason ◽

E. N. Larter

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Extra Chromosome ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Adjacent Region ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Chemical Mutagens ◽

Chromosome Breaks ◽

Γ Rays ◽

High Degree

Trisomic lines for each of chromosomes 1,3,4,5, and 7 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were subjected to mutagens viz, EMS, DES, HA, FUdR and γ rays in an attempt to induce telocentrics in the extra chromosome. DES and EMS caused a relatively high degree of lethality of trisomies compared with that of disomics. Treatment with HA and γ rays at the time of meiosis caused almost complete sterility. No telotrisomics were recovered from these treatments. Irradiation of trisomic seedlings resulted in the isolation of 11 fragments of which 6 were true telocentrics. The frequency of telocentrics was significantly increased over non-treated material only in stocks of trisomic for chromosomes 1 and 7. All chromosome breaks induced in chromosome 7 were localized at the centromere and the adjacent region of the long arm.

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Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124628 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 844-845

Author(s):

R.H.M. Cross ◽

C.E.J. Botha ◽

A.K. Cowan ◽

B.J. Hartley

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Lethal Mutant ◽

Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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