REACTION OF WHEAT TO COMMON ROOT ROT: LINKAGE OF A MAJOR GENE, Crr, WITH THE CENTROMERE OF CHROMOSOME 5B

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moderate Resistance

'Cadet' (C), a cultivar of Triticum aestivum L., carries the major recessive gene, Crr, for moderate resistance to common root incited by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur, on the long arm of chromosome 5B. The highly susceptible cultivar, 'Rescue' (R), has the dominant, epistatic allele, crr. The crossover distance from the centromere to this gene was estimated in the genetic background of both Cadet and Rescue. The ditelosomic for the long arm of each of the lines Ct"5BL (Crr) and Rt"5BL (crr) was crossed by the corresponding reciprocal chromosome 5B substitutions, C-R5B (crr) and R-C5B (Crr). The F1's, heterozygous for both the telocentric and the alleles, were then backcrossed by the appropriate recessive lines, Cadet and R-C5B. Each backcross plant was tested for its reaction to root rot and examined cytologically for the presence of a telocentric chromosome. The recombination frequency of the centromere, marked by the presence or absence of the telocentric, with alleles at the Crr locus was 42.9 ± 3.4% in the Cadet background. In the Rescue background, the recombination frequency was 36.1 ± 3.3%. The difference is attributed to a generally lower chiasma frequency in Rescue than in Cadet.

REACTION OF WHEAT TO COMMON ROOT ROT: IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR GENE, Crr, ON CHROMOSOME 5B

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Random Crossover

Triticum aestivum L. cv. S-615 has a dominant gene for susceptibility to common root rot and cv. Apex a recessive gene for resistance on chromosome 5B. One hundred and twenty-two lines, each homozygous for a different random crossover between loci on Apex and S-615 chromosomes 5B, but near-isogenic with S-615 for the other 20 chromosomes, were tested for root rot reaction in soil naturally infested with the causal organism, Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Dachs. ex Dastur, to determine whether the two genes are alleles. The ratio of resistant to susceptible lines was 1:1, and there were no intermediate or transgressive types. It was concluded, therefore, that the genes for resistance and susceptibility are alleles. The recessive gene for resistance has been given the symbol Crr for Cochliobolus root rot. Minor genes appear to exist on chromosome 5B of Apex which, when combined in some of the crossover lines with the dominant gene for susceptibility, crr, increase the percentage of seedlings killed by the disease but not the mean root rot rating of these lines

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Wheat Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Su ◽  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Due to the field soil changes, high density planting, and straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot have become severe threatens to global wheat productions. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases have been poorly understood. This review summarizes the recent progress of genetic studies on wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasms with relative higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each of the disease are summarized.

The transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum to wheat

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Robert L Conner ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Kernel Color

Common root rot, caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib) Drechs. ex Dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) on the Canadian prairies. Resistance to common root rot from Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Liu and Wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with Agrotana, a resistant wheat – Th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. Evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from a wheat × Agrotana cross expressed more resistance than the susceptible T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' parent and other susceptible wheat check cultivars. Cytological examination revealed 41 to 44 chromosomes in the advanced lines. Genomic in situ hybridization, using total genomic DNA from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb) A. Löve (St genome) as a probe, demonstrated that the blue kernel plants had two pairs of spontaneously translocated J–Js and Js–J chromosomes derived from the J and Js genome of Th. ponticum. The presence of these translocated chromosomes was associated with increased resistance of wheat to common root rot. The lines with blue aleurone color always had a subcentromeric Js–J translocated chromosome. The subtelocentric J–Js translocated chromosome was not responsible for the blue kernel color. The genomic in situ hybridization analysis on meiosis revealed that the two spontaneous translocations were not reciprocal translocations.Key words: Cochliobolus sativus, genomic in situ hybridization, blue kernel color.

Changes in the rhizosphere microflora of spring wheat induced by disomic substitution of a chromosome

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Neal Jr. ◽  
T. G. Atkinson ◽  
Ruby I. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Rhizosphere Microflora ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Chromosome 5B

Substitution of a chromosome pair (5B) from Apex (A), a variety of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) relatively resistant to common root rot (primarily Cochliobolus sativus), for the corresponding chromosome of S-615 (S), a highly susceptible variety, changed the rhizosphere microflora qualitatively and quantitatively. Microbial analyses of the parental varieties, the substitution line (S-A5B), and non-rhizosphere soil included estimates of total microbial populations and physiological and nutritional groupings. In all characteristics a typical rhizosphere effect was evident, and significant differences were found between the different rhizospheres. In most characteristics the rhizosphere microflora of the substitution line was significantly different from either parent. The incidence of rhizosphere bacteria antagonistic to C. sativus was the most notable exception. Twenty percent of the rhizosphere isolates from both Apex and the resistant substitution line S-A5B were antagonistic to C. sativus. None of the isolates from the susceptible variety was antagonistic. The differences between the rhizospheres of the substitution line (S-A5B) and the recipient variety (S-615) are attributable to changes induced by disomic substitution of chromosome 5B.

Reaction of alien chromosome substitution and addition lines of hard red spring wheat to common root rot and black point

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
E. D. P. Whelan ◽  
A. Laroche ◽  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Resistance to common root rot and black point, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, was evaluated in alien chromosome substitution and addition lines of the cultivars 'Cadet' and 'Rescue'. Substitution of chromosome 5B in 'Rescue' with 5Ag from Agropyron elongatum decreased root rot susceptibility to a level intermediate between that in the susceptible 'Rescue' and the resistant 'Cadet'. The substitution of 'Rescue' chromosome 5A or 5D with 5Ag, or the addition of 5Ag to 'Rescue' complement had no consistent effect on root rot susceptibility. The root rot resistance of 'Cadet' was unaffected by substitution of chromosomes 5A, 5B, or 5D with 5Ag, or the addition of 5Ag. This indicates that the susceptible allele of the gene Crr is the primary determinant in the reaction of wheat to common root rot. Black point resistance in the susceptible cultivar 'Rescue' was significantly increased by substitution of chromosome 5B with 5Ag, or the addition of 5Ag. No corresponding effect was demonstrated for black point incidence in the moderately resistant cultivar 'Cadet' with substitution of chromosome 5Ag for 5B, or the addition of 5Ag. Chromosome 5Ag apparently carries one or more genes conferring resistance to black point. The identity of these lines was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using group 5 chromosome arm specific probes. This extends the use of these molecular probes to the Agropyron genome.Key words: Cochliobolus sativus, common root rot, black point, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Agropyron elongatum, restriction fragment length polymorphism, chromosome arm specific probes.

A cytogenetic analysis of reaction to common root rot in some hard red spring wheats

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Chromosome 5B

Chromosome 5B is the most important chromosome differentiating the root rot resistance of the hollow-stemmed cultivars, Apex and Cadet, from the root rot susceptibility of the solid-stemmed cultivars, S-615 and Rescue. A pair of chromosomes 5B of Apex substituted for their homologues in S-615 usually made the latter as resistant to root rot as Apex. Conversely, the substitution of 5B from Rescue into Cadet made Cadet as susceptible as Rescue. The root rot reactions of the 5B monosomics of the cultivars and substitution lines, and of the F1 between S-615 and the S-615-Apex 5B substitution, showed that the genes for resistance and susceptibility are antimorphic alleles, with susceptibility dominant.The substitution of chromosome 2B or 2D from Apex for their homologues in S-615 increased the root rot resistance of S-615, but not to the same extent as did the substitution of chromosome 5B. Their effect, although usually hypostatic to that of 5B, was evident under some test conditions. Dosage studies showed that genes on chromosomes 2B and 2D promote the disease, those from Apex less than those from S-615. Substitutions of these chromosomes from Rescue into Cadet did not affect root rot reaction.

GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICALLY-INDUCED SEMIDWARF MUTANT IN TRITICALE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
D. F. SALMON ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
J. P. GUSTAFSON
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The difference in height between a chemically-induced (EMS) semidwarf mutant of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and its tall parent (6TA204) was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene. The pedigree of the 6TA204 parent involved the combination of two hexaploid triticales, one octoploid triticale, and one dwarf hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The dwarfness of the hexaploid wheat (P41603E), itself known to be conditioned by one or more recessive genes, was masked in the 6TA204 parent. In the derivation of the semidwarf 6TA204, it is postulated that either (1) a dominant gene for tallness was mutated to the recessive state, or (2) that a suppressor gene closely linked with a recessive gene for semidwarfism was impaired by EMS treatment, thereby allowing the expression of the semidwarf condition. Spike length of the semidwarf remained comparable to that of the tall parent; however, its cytological stability and fertility were significantly lower.

The inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat with resistance from the tetraploid 'C.I. 7778'

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-856
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The inheritance of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) resistance was studied in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance derived from a tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.). The studies indicated that 'K253' carries one dominant gene for good resistance to races 29 and 56 (probably Sr9e) and one recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. In addition, some plants apparently carry a recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 56. Four different types of hexaploid near-isogenic lines were produced. One carried Sr9e and another the gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. Two carried genes that had not been identified in the genetic studies, including one that was apparently not derived from K253.Key words: stem rust resistance, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum.

INHERITANCE OF THATCHER-TYPE RESISTANCE TO COMMON ROOT ROT IN SPRING WHEAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh McKenzie ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Stem Solidness

Inheritance of reaction to common root rot, caused chiefly by Cochliobolus sativus, was studied in F3 populations of wheat, Triticum aestivum, from crosses between the root-rot-resistant, hollow-stemmed varieties, Thatcher and Pembina, and the moderately root-rot-susceptible, solid-stemmed variety, CT 733. The results indicated that the resistance of Thatcher and Pembina, which appear to have the same gene complement, is controlled by a major recessive gene and one or two minor genes.No association was found between inheritance of root-rot reaction and the inheritance of stem solidness which determines resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus). Therefore, there should be no difficulty in incorporating root-rot resistance into sawfly-resistant varieties.

The impact of crop rotation and N fertilizer on common root rot of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone of western Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Impact

From 2000 to 2003, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in southwest Saskatchewan 1 or 2 yr after summerfallow, and after lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), or continuously with and without fertilizer N was examined for root rot by measuring discoloration of subcrown internodes. Discolored tissue was also plated on nutrient agar for fungal identification. In general, common root rot was present at consistently highest levels in wheat grown after lentil, and at lowest levels in wheat grown continuously with low N fertility. The most common fungal species isolated from affected subcrown internodes were Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast. and Fusarium spp. Among the latter, F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. and F. pseudograminearum O’Donnell & T. Aoki were most frequent. Fusarium avenaceum is one of the most common fusarium head blight pathogens in Saskatchewan. Wheat after lentil had one of the highest levels of this fungus. Continuous wheat grown with recommended N rates and wheat grown after summerfallow had in most cases similar root rot levels, but the frequency of fungi differed. Among the crop rotations examined, it appears that the most favourable for development of root rot in wheat was a wheat-lentil rotation. This cereal-pulse system may also contribute to a build-up of F. avenaceum inoculum for the development of fusarium head blight, an important emerging disease of cereals in Saskatchewan. Key words: Crop rotation, common root rot, wheat, Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium, nitrogen

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