scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Wheat Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Su ◽  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Due to the field soil changes, high density planting, and straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot have become severe threatens to global wheat productions. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases have been poorly understood. This review summarizes the recent progress of genetic studies on wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasms with relative higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each of the disease are summarized.

scholarly journals Genetics of Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Su ◽  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
Shuyong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Due to soil changes, high density planting, and the use of straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot (sheath blight) have become severe threats to global wheat production. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent results of genetic studies of wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasm with relatively higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each disease are summarized.

scholarly journals Distribution and Prevalence of Fusarium Crown Rot and Common Root Rot Pathogens of Wheat in Montana

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Moya-Elizondo ◽  
Lisa J. Rew ◽  
Barry J. Jacobsen ◽  
Andrew C. Hogg ◽  
Alan T. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
First Time

Distribution of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and common root rot (CRR) pathogens associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) in 91 fields in Montana were determined during the 2008 and 2009 crop seasons using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and conventional isolation methods. Correlations (P < 0.001) were found between detection methods for both diseases. FCR was detected in 57% of the fields and CRR was detected in 93% of the fields surveyed. Percent incidence based on isolation from individual tillers was Bipolaris sorokiniana (15%), F. culmorum (13%), and F. pseudograminearum (8%). FCR populations were highly variable across the regions and were not detected in any fields from the Gb5 soil types of Judith Basin and Fergus counties. The spatial distributions of FCR and CRR were affected by elevation, soil type, and temperature. High FCR populations were associated with spring wheat crops rather than winter wheat based on qPCR (P < 0.001). FCR and CRR could produce yield losses in a range of 3 to 35%. This study is the first time that qPCR was used to survey these two pathogen groups, and the merits and weakness of qPCR relative to traditional isolation methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Bipolaris sorokiniana-Induced Black Point, Common Root Rot, and Spot Blotch Diseases of Wheat: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Wheat is among the ten top and most widely grown crops in the world. Several diseases cause losses in wheat production in different parts of the world. Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph, Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the wheat pathogens that can attack all wheat parts, including seeds, roots, shoots, and leaves. Black point, root rot, crown rot and spot blotch are the main diseases caused by B. sorokiniana in wheat. Seed infection by B. sorokiniana can result in black point disease, reducing seed quality and seed germination and is considered a main source of inoculum for diseases such as common root rot and spot blotch. Root rot and crown rot diseases, which result from soil-borne or seed-borne inoculum, can result in yield losses in wheat. Spot blotch disease affects wheat in different parts of the world and cause significant losses in grain yield. This review paper summarizes the latest findings on B. sorokiniana, with a specific emphasis on management using genetic, chemical, cultural, and biological control measures.

scholarly journals Resistance to Diseases in Wheat Collection Samples and Somaclonal Variants

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Tyryshkin ◽  
N.A. Tyryshkina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Moderately Resistant

More than 2000 wheat collection samples were studied for seedling resistance to 4 diseases. Noncoincidence of results obtained after inoculation of leaf segments placed on water solution of benzimidazole (60&nbsp;ppm) and intact plants was found for 3 foliar diseases (leaf rust &ndash; Puccinia recondita, dark brown leaf spot blotch &ndash; Bipolaris sorokiniana and septoria glume blotch &ndash; Septoria nodorum). Sixty-three entries were resistant to leaf rust; 26 of them have gene for resistance Lr26 (non-effective under field condition), 25 &ndash; gene Lr24, 4 &ndash; gene Lr19, 8 &ndash; gene Lr9 and 2 &ndash; gene Lr41. Samples 181-5, Fielder, Butte 66, Raj 1972 and Soisson were moderately resistant to spot blotch; 181-5 &ndash; to common root rot and Moking and MN 81330 &ndash; to glume blotch. Very high level of partial resistance to 3 diseases was found in late generations of somaclonal lines of weakly and moderately resistant initial genotypes: to leaf rust in lines of cv. Spica, to leaf spot blotch &ndash; in lines of 181-5, to common root rot &ndash; in that of 181-5 and cv. Vera; moderate resistance to glume blotch was identified in lines of cv. Spica.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Crown rot and common root rot in wheat grown under different tillage and stubble treatments in southern Queensland, Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Wildermuth ◽  
G.A. Thomas ◽  
B.J. Radford ◽  
R.B. McNamara ◽  
A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus SPP. strains against barley diseases caused by Bipolaris Sorokiniana on cultivars of different resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Kriuchkova ◽  
◽  
T. I. Patyka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Medium Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bacillus Strains

The effect of Bacillus strains, B. subtilis 16 and B. pumilus 11, on two barley diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker has been studied. It was found that the activity depends on both the resistance of the cultivar against disease and the bacterial strain. The severity of spot blotch of barley decreased significantly when the cell suspension of B. subtilis strain16 was sprayed on the leaves of disease-susceptible cultivars Nashсhadok, but failed to inhibit the disease on the leaves of resistant cultivars. Applying the cell suspensions into plant growth media significantly inhibited the common root rot on susceptible cultivar Syaivo, which, however, was not accompanied by an increase in the biomass of seedlings. A significant increase in the weight of shoots and roots of seedlings was observed on cultivars with medium resistance to the disease: Sebastian and Antey.

Identification of RAPD markers for common root rot and spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) resistance in barley

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Kutcher ◽  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel ◽  
W. G. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Gene Manipulation ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Cross

The identification of RAPD markers associated with genes for resistance to Cochliobolus sativus in barley would increase the efficiency of gene manipulation by reducing the number of lines that must be evaluated from a resistant by susceptible cross and by allowing selection during the off season. Two barley crosses consisting of resistant and susceptible parent genotypes ('Virden' × 'Ellice' and Fr926-77 × 'Deuce', both 2 row × 6 row crosses) and more than 140 homozygous progeny lines were rated for their reactions in field nurseries to common root rot and in a controlled environment for spot blotch. Putative RAPD markers were identified using bulked segregant analysis followed by individual progeny line analyses. Polymorphisms associated with disease reaction were detected between bulked segregant samples as differences in the band intensity of DNA fragments. The bulked segregant samples were screened against 186 RAPD primers (decamers) using the polymerase chain reaction. For the cross Fr926-77 × 'Deuce', one RAPD marker was obtained that did not segregate as expected but was associated with both diseases. For the cross 'Virden' × 'Ellice', a single RAPD marker was obtained that did not have the expected segregation ratio but was associated with spot blotch reaction. One RAPD marker linked to 2-rowed and 6-rowed spike locus was obtained in each cross, and both the marker and row type were associated with common root rot and spot blotch reactions. For the cross 'Virden' × 'Ellice', a linkage group consisting of three RAPD markers was associated with common root rot and spot blotch reaction. The genes associated with these markers condition significant levels of resistance to C. sativus and may be used to increase the speed and precision of resistance gene manipulation in barley germplasm. Key words : common root rot, spot blotch, Cochliobolus sativus, molecular markers, barley.

scholarly journals Genetics of wheat somaclones resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
L.G. Tyryshkin ◽  
N.A. Tyryshkina-Shishelova
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Durability Of Resistance

Genetics of resistance to common root rot and dark brown leaf spot blotch (both caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem.)<br />was studied in wheat somaclonal lines, obtained in calluses culture of samples 181-5 and Vera. Four different approaches<br />were used: linear analysis of resistance in generations of segregating somaclonal lines, hybridological analysis, study<br />of resistance components, study of possible durability of resistance. Results showed, that resistance to both diseases is<br />likely controlled by polygenic systems with additive actions of minor genes. Different lines possess non-identical genetic<br />systems for resistance. Several lines kept their initial level of resistance to spot blotch after 5 cycles of the pathogen<br />artificial population reproduction.

Heritability of common root rot and spot blotch resistance in barley

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Kutcher ◽  
K.L. Bailey ◽  
B.G. Rossnagel ◽  
W.G. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot
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