Relative stability among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos

Relative genetic stability was observed among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Regenerated plants were studied cytologically and their seed progenies assayed for (i) the isoenzymes esterase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, (ii) ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphism, and (iii) hordein patterns on SDS–PAGE. Of 42 regenerated plants, 1 regenerant had abnormal meiosis and the same plant produced one seed with a variant hordein pattern. These findings are discussed in relation to the factors affecting somaclonal variation in cereals and to methods of assaying the variation. Key words: barley, isozymes, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

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Paucity of somaclonal variation from immature embryo culture of barley

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9891155 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

DJ Luckett ◽

D Rose ◽

E Knights

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Embryo Culture ◽

Field Trial ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Immature Embryos ◽

Golden Promise ◽

Immature Embryo Culture ◽

Tissue Origin ◽

Regenerant Plants

Intact immature embryos of barley (cv. Golden Promise) and component tissues (the scutellum and embryonic axis) were cultured to produce callus. Regenerant plants were obtained from this callus and SC2 families raised. These families were examined in a field trial to search for somaclonal variation. No obvious variants were found confirming our previous unpublished results. The lack of somaclonal variation generated by barley tissue culture (which is in contrast to other species) was not a result of the tissue origin of the regeneration event.

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Somaclonal variation from cultured immature embryos of sister lines of rye differing in heterochromatic content

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-029 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. J. Bebeli ◽

A. Karp ◽

P. J. Kalts1kes

Keyword(s):

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Storage Proteins ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Seed Storage Proteins ◽

Immature Embryos ◽

Chromosome Variation ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Immature Embryo Culture ◽

Telomeric Heterochromatin

Somaclonal variation occurred among rye plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of five sister lines that differed in their content of telomeric heterochromatin. Variation was observed in morphology, chromosome number, and secalin seed storage proteins. Morphological variation was present in 9.7% of the regenerants and included albinism and variegation, which appeared in different frequencies among the lines. Chromosome variation occurred in 15.8% of the regenerants and included translocations, tetraploidy, and trisomy in addition to meiotic disturbances such as centromere misbehaviour and asyndesis. Some of the regenerated plants were mosaic for the structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. The nature of the chromosome variation also differed among the lines. A single variant in the 40K γ-secalins was detected. The occurrence of variation is discussed in relation to differences in morphogenetic response of the rye lines and to the genotypic component of instability in culture.Key words: somaclonal variation, immature embryo culture, rye heterochromatin, chromosome variation, secalins.

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Somaclonal variation of tissue culture regenerated plants of Aloe barbadensis Mill.

Nova Biologica Reperta ◽

10.29252/nbr.5.1.72 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Zahra Noormohammadi ◽

Bahar Ghasemzadeh ◽

Farah Farahani

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Regenerated Plants

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Somaclonal variation in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Carman

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g85-023 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. C. Jordan ◽

E. N. Larter

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Chromosomal Instability ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Triticosecale Wittmack ◽

Kernel Protein

Callus was initiated from 15-day-old embryos of 'Carman' triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) cultured on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid supplemented Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. For plant regeneration, the calli were subcultured every 4 weeks on MS media with no added hormones. The original euploid (2n = 42) regenerated plants and their progeny were examined for several traits. Considerable variation for all measured traits was observed among the regenerated plants. Variability was greatest for spike length, fertility, and plant height. Two second-generation plants were found to have a significant increase in percent kernel protein relative to 'Carman' controls. Electrophoretic studies showed that all regenerated plants of both generations had the same prolamin banding pattern as 'Carman' triticale but variation existed in the intensity of the bands. This was especially true for the bands encoded for by the rye genome. One genotype, viz. R13, exhibited extreme chromosomal instability resulting in the occurrence of both rye and wheat univalents as observed at metaphase I.Key words: somaclonal variation, triticale, tissue culture, plant regeneration.

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The Production of Novel Plants from Florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium Using Tissue Culture 1. Shoot Regeneration from Ray Florets and Somaclonal Variation Exhibited by the Regenerated Plants

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80156-2 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R.S. Malaure ◽

G. Barclay ◽

J.B. Power ◽

M.R. Davey

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Ray Florets

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DNA methylation in plants and its role in tissue culture

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-130 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 717-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

P. T. H. Brown

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Structural Genes ◽

Gene Methylation ◽

Regenerated Plants

Regeneration of plants via tissue culture often results in a number of plants subsequently showing phenotypic or genotypic deviations from the parental type. This variation has been called somaclonal variation. In an analysis of regenerated Zea mays plants of the inbred line A188, high levels of phenotypic variation were observed. Subsequent analysis of these regenerated plants shows that a high proportion of the regenerants demonstrate significant alterations in the methylation status of both housekeeping and structural genes. These results are described and the theory of gene methylation is reviewed with regard to the differences that exist between plant and animal systems.Key words: 5-methylcytosine, 5-azacytidine, tissue culture, cereals, somaclonal variation.

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Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362004000200027 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 300-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Patricia N. Bordallo ◽

Derly H. Silva ◽

José Maria ◽

Cosme D. Cruz ◽

Elizabeth P. Fontes

Keyword(s):

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Culture Media ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Synthetic Seed ◽

Arbitrary Sequence ◽

Stem Explants ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

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Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽

10.1139/g94-053 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 375-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽

M. J. M. Smulders ◽

P. Arens ◽

B. Vosman

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Dna Fingerprint ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽

Lycopersicon Species ◽

Polymorphic Bands ◽

Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

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