Aplicación de la fitorremediación en suelos contaminados por metales pesados utilizando Helianthus annuss L. en la Estación Experimental El Mantaro

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado “APLICACION DE LA FITORREMEDIACION EN SUELOS CONTAMINADOS POR METALES PESADOS UTILIZANDO Helianthus annuss L. en la Estación Experimental agropecuario El Mantaro, consta de haber utilizado Helianthus annuss L, la cual ha sido instalado en 03 lotes (A, B, y C) de la estación experimental EL MANTARO”, de la UNCP, para descontaminar los suelos contaminados por metales pesados (cobre, cadmio, cromo, hierro, manganeso, plomo , y metaloides antimonio y arsénico para ello se tomaron muestras de suelos en tres etapas diferentes, antes del cultivo, en el cultivo y después de la cosecha; para el análisis de suelos se utilizó el método analítico instrumental de ICP-Masas, analizados en el Laboratorio Certificado por la Indecopi J. Ramon: Los resultados de la concentración de metales pesados en el lote A son: Sb(7,00 ppm), As(48,3ppm), Cd(4,28ppm), Cu (60,0ppm), Cr (10,00 ppm), Fe (13 865.00 ppm), Mn (1 082 ppm), Pb ( 111,5 ppm), y Zn (777,9 ppm). Los resultados de la concentración de metales pesados en el lote B son: Sb (11,0 0ppm), As (32,50), Cd (3,99 ppm), Cu (38,5- 24,7 ppm), Cr (10,4 ppm), Fe (17 002.00 ppm), Mn (969,2 ppm), Pb (54,5 ppm), y Zn(554,7 ppm). Los resultados de la concentración de metales pesados en el lote C son: Sb (6,00 ppm), As (26,0 ppm), Cd(3,03 ppm), Cu(33,2 ppm), Cr(10,3 ppm), Fe(18 285,00 ppm), Mn( 739,9 ppm), Pb (44,2 ppm), y Zn (426,1) y después de la cosecha de la planta los resultados fueron los siguientes: Lote A Sb(5,00 ppm), As (25,Cd (2,19 ppm),Cu (29,6ppm), Cr (5,1ppm), Fe (6 114,00 ppm), Mn (722,1 ppm),Pb (60,07 ppm), y Zn(314,8ppm) para el lote B: Sb (7,00ppm), As (14,8 ppm), Cd (2,59 ), Cu (24,7 ppm), Cr (6,00 ppm), Fe (9780,00 ppm), Mn (699,5 ppm), Pb (39,1ppm), y Zn (352,4 ppm). Y lote C son: Sb (5,00 ppm), As (18,6 ppm), Cd (3,11 ppm), Cu (29,6 ppm), Cr (5,8 ppm), Fe (11 126 ppm), Mn (671,4 ppm), Pb (43,6 ppm), y Zn (405,7). Los resultados de la caracterización fisicoquímica del suelo contaminado, fue analizado en la Universidad Agraria La Molina nos reportó: pH 6,93, Conductividad eléctrica 0,58, Porcentaje de carbonato 6,0, Porcentaje de Materia Orgánica 3,31, Capacidad de intercambio catiónico 15,78 y la Textura. Suelo Franco. La concentración de metales pesados fitoextraída por el Helianthus annuus L. fue analizado en Certificaciones del Perú, Laboratorio, el método utilizado fue el ICP-Masas y son: Raíz: Sb (2.00 ppm), As (10.27), Cd (2.61 ppm ), Cu (18,97 ppm), Cr (2,735 ppm), Fe (3 519,0 ppm), Mn (204,88 ppm), Pb (17,45 ppm), y Zn (298,3) Hoja: Cd (1,72 ppm), Cu (29,22 ppm), Fe (256,85 ppm), Mn (129,435 ppm), Pb (0,899 ppm), y Zn ( 94,93).Tallo: Cu (5,582 ppm), Fe (276,05 ppm), Mn (32,135 ppm), Pb (0,3685 ppm), y Zn (100,135 ppm) Flor: Cu (43,90 ppm), Cr (10,23 ppm), Fe (9006,67 ppm), Mn (705,53 ppm), Pb (47,87 ppm), y Zn. Semilla: no se reporta concentración de metales pesados con excepción del Cd (0,228 ppm).

Estudio fitosociológico y evaluación del banco de malezas del suelo en tres fincas maiceras del Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela

Los estudios fitosociológicos (EF) y bancos de semillas de malezas del suelo (BSMS) son una herramienta para el manejo de las malezas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un EF y evaluar el BSMS en tres fincas maiceras del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, determinándose el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y plántulas por superficie. Se encontraron diferencias entre la composición florística entre fincas y estudios realizados, detectándose un mayor número de especies en el EF. Las especies con mayor IVI en la finca 1 fueron Ludwigia decurrens Walter, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Euphorbia heterophylla L. y Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., mientras que en el BSMS las de más altas densidades fueron Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltd., L. decurrens y Cyperus esculentus L., con 1809,95; 434,39 y 253,39 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente. En la finca 2, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton, E. prostrata, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn y Helianthus annuus L. tuvieron los más altos IVI, y en el BSMS las especies T. crustaceae, Ammannia latifolia L. y L. decurrens las densidades más altas (389,14; 181,00 y 126,70 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente). En la finca 3, las malezas con mayores IVI fueron Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Cyperus rotundus L. y E. indica, y el BSMS estuvo conformado principalmente por C. rotundus y E. indica con 687,78 y 171,95 plántulas∙m-2, respectivamente. En total, en los dos estudios se registraron 32 especies de malezas en 21 familias botánicas.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYINARAN LAMPU LED (Light Emitting Diode) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MICROGREENS BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM

[THE EFFECT OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) IRRADIATION DURATION ON THE GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) MICROGREENS PLANT ON VARIOUS PLANTING MEDIA]. The conversion of agricultural land into residential and office buildings causes a decrease in agricultural land every year so the development of indoor plant cultivation with the concept of urban farming, such as microgreens. Microgreens are plants in the period after germination, usually between 7-14 days. Microgreens have a nutrient content of at least 40 times higher than when they are fully grown. Sunflower plants are one of the plants that have been developed as microgreens. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an introduced plant from America. This flower is bright yellow with a large flower head with a diameter of up to 30 cm. LED light is used to help the plant growth process that is carried out indoors. This research was conducted indoors is located in Bratang Wetan 1 No. 19c, Wonokromo, Surabaya from March 2021 to May 2021. The method used in this research is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) system consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the length of irradiation which consists of 4 levels of treatment and the second factor is the type of planting media which consists of 3 levels of treatment. The results showed that the combination of 16 hours irradiation time with soil planting medium was able to increase the growth of Sunflower microgreens plants on the variables of cotyledon width, wet weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll test.

The Potency of Fungal-Fabricated Selenium Nanoparticles to Improve the Growth Performance of Helianthus annuus L. and Control of Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon

The application of green nanotechnology in agriculture has been receiving substantial attention, especially in the development of new nano-fertilizers and nano-insecticides. Herein, the metabolites secreted by the fungal strain Penicillium chrysogenum are used as a reducing agent for selenium ions to form selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The synthesized Se-NPs were characterized using color change, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biomass filtrate of the fungal strain changed from colorless to a ruby red color after mixing with sodium selenite with a maximum surface plasmon resonance at 262 nm. Data exhibits the successful formation of spherical, amorphous Se-NPs with sizes ranging between 3–15 nm and a weight percentage of 38.52%. The efficacy of Se-NPs on the growth performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and inhibition of cutworm Agrotis ipsilon was investigated. The field experiment revealed the potentiality of Se-NPs to enhance the growth parameters and carotenoid content in sunflower, especially at 20 ppm. The chlorophylls, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, and free proline contents were markedly promoted in response to Se-NPs concentrations. The antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase) were significantly decreased compared with the control. Data analysis showed that the highest mortality for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae of Agrotis ipsilon was achieved at 25 ppm with percentages of 89.7 ± 0.3, 78.3 ± 0.3, 72.3 ± 0.6, 63.7 ± 0.3, and 68.7 ± 0.3 respectively after 72 h.