Two-dimensional numerical simulations of electrothermal behaviour in very large scale integrated contacts and vias

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Allegretto ◽  
A. Nathan ◽  
K. Chau ◽  
H. P. Baltes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Metallization Process ◽  
Temperature Equation

We present results of electrothermal interactions in fine geometry contacts and vias. The results have been obtained using a two-dimensional model based on the finite-box procedure. For the contact geometry, large electric potential gradients and consequently high Joule-heating effects develop at the interface, which is relatively low in electrical conductivity. In the case of the via, however, temperature escalations result from singularities in the electric field at geometrically imperfect locations, owing to inadequate step coverage in the metallization process. In particular, we discuss the treatment of boundary conditions for the temperature equation.

scholarly journals Universality class of the motility-induced critical point in large scale off-lattice simulations of active particles.

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maggi ◽  
Matteo Paoluzzi ◽  
Andrea Crisanti ◽  
Emanuela Zaccarelli ◽  
Nicoletta Gnan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Universality Class ◽  
Critical Behaviour ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

We perform large-scale computer simulations of an off-lattice two-dimensional model of active particles undergoing a motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) to investigate the systems critical behaviour close to the critical point...

Simulation of large-scale membrane reformers by a two-dimensional model

2007 ◽  
Vol 128 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Falco ◽  
L. Di Paola ◽  
L. Marrelli ◽  
P. Nardella
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tafani ◽  
Lionel Souchet
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Students Attitudes

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).

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